李向岭1 张韶昀1 张 磊1 尹宝重2,* 张月辰1,*
筛选高产耐低氮基因型品种是提高玉米氮素利用效率, 减少氮污染的一种有效途径。本研究选用20个不同基因型玉米为供试材料,设置低氮和高氮2个氮水平(0 kg N/hm2,240 kg N/hm2),测定其农艺性状和产量性状等,利用模糊隶属函数和主成分分析法评价不同基因型玉米的耐低氮特性。结果表明:(1)根据低氮和高氮水平下相对值变异系数大小,筛选出相对保绿度、相对ASI、相对SPAD值和相对单穗粒重等4个性状作为玉米耐低氮能力的主要筛选指标。(2)根据籽粒产量和耐低氮综合指数散点分析图结果,筛选出8个耐低氮基因型,其中6个属于高产耐低氮基因型,2个属于低产耐低氮基因型；还筛选出10个氮敏感基因型,其中 2个属于高产氮敏感基因型,8个属于低产氮敏感基因型。本研究初步确定先玉335、先玉688、先玉1266、郑单958、蠡玉86和伟科9666为高产耐低氮基因型,京单38、蠡玉68、登海605、华农887、华农138、京英NK971、极峰2号、极峰30 为低产氮敏感基因型。
英文摘要:
Screening high yield and low-nitrogen tolerant cultivars of maize is an effective way to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce nitrogen pollution. Twenty cultivars and two N treatments (0 kg N/haand 240 kg N/ha) were used, the agronomic traits, yield traits and other indexs were measured. We Evaluate the low nitrogen tolerance of different cultivars by fuzzy membership function and principal component analysis. Results showed that, (1) According to the relative coefficient variation coefficient under low nitrogen and normal nitrogen treatments, relative green retention, relative ASI, relative SPAD value and single ear grain weight were selected as the main screening indexes for maize low-nitrogen tolerant. (2) The scatter plot based on grain yield and low nitrogen comprehensive index showed that, there are eight low nitrogen tolerant genotypes, six cultivars belonged to high yield and low nitrogen tolerant genotypes, two cultivars belonged to low yield and low nitrogen tolerant genotypes. Ten nitrogen sensitive genotypes were screened out, two cultivars belonged to high yield and low nitrogen sensitivity, and 8 cultivars belonged to low yield and low nitrogen sensitive genotype. This study identified that Xianyu 335, Xianyu 688, Xianyu 1266 and Zhengdan 958, Liyu 86 and Weike 966 were high yield and low-nitrogen tolerant genotypes, Jingdan 38, Liyu 68, Denghai 605, Huanong 887, Huanong138, Jingying NK971, Jifeng 2, Jifeng 30 were low yield and low nitrogen sensitive genotype.
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