水分胁迫对不同耐旱性玉米土壤水消耗、水分利用和产量的影响
干旱是黄淮海地区玉米生产发展的重要限制因素,选用耐旱玉米品种是水分限制条件下维持玉米生产的重要途径。本研究以郑单958(耐旱性强)和驻玉309(耐旱性弱)为供试材料,通过池栽试验研究水分胁迫对两玉米品种的吐丝前后土壤水消耗,水分利用和籽粒产量的影响。正常供水下,两品种吐丝前和吐丝后土壤水消耗量,生育期耗水量,水分利用效率和籽粒产量均无显著差异。水分胁迫下,全生育期各土层(0.2-1.6 m)水分消耗量均为郑单958少于驻玉309,其中吐丝前和吐丝后郑单958土壤水消耗量分别比驻玉309少12 mm和21mm,且分别以0.2-0.4 m(吐丝前)和0.8-1.0 m(吐丝后)土层品种间差异最大。水分胁迫下郑单958和驻玉309的生育期耗水量分别为454 mm和487 mm,籽粒产量分别为8.32 Mg ha-1和7.29 Mg ha-1,表明水分胁迫条件下耐旱品种郑单958以较少的水分消耗生产了更多的籽粒,表现出较高的水分利用效率。
英文摘要:
Drought has become an important limiting factor for the development of maize production in the Huang-Huai-Hai area. Adoption of drought-tolerant (DT) hybrids is a critical management strategy for maize production under water-limited conditions. In this study, Zhengdan 958 (strong DT hybrid) and Zhuyu 309 (weak DT hybrid) were used as experimental materials to investigate the soil water consumption, seasonal water use, water use efficiency, and grain yield. The results show that, under the condition of sufficient water, no significant differences in soil water consumption, seasonal water use, WUE or grain yield were documented between the two hybrids. Under water stress, the soil water consumption in each layer of the 0.2-1.6 m profile was greater in Zhengdan 958 and Zhuyu 309, and the soil water consumption during the presilking and postsillking period in Zhengdan 958 was 12 mm and 21 mm less than in Zhuyu 309, respectively. Also, the greatest difference of soil water consumption between two hybrids during the presilking and postsillking period was found in 0.2–0.4 m and 0.8–1.0 m soil layer, respectively. Under water stress, the seasonal water use of Zhengdan 958 and Zhuyu 309 was 454 mm and 487 mm, respectively, and the grain yield was 8.32 Mg ha-1 and 7.29 Mg ha-1, respectively, which indicated that Zhengdan 958 produced more grain with less seasonal water use and had higher water use efficiency compared to Zhuyu 309.
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