研究中国玉米种植业的技术效率、变化趋势及其影响因素,为玉米种植业的效率评价和产业政策制定提供参考。采用超越对数生产函数随机前沿分析模型,利用我国15个玉米主产区的2007-2016年投入与产出面板数据,分类测算了玉米种植技术效率、时序演变规律,并对影响因素进行了分析。结果表明：①我国玉米主产区省份的生产种植技术效率水平较高,且整体上呈现上升的趋势,在2013年达到最大值后趋于稳定,种植技术效率在0.878-0.938区间窄幅振动；②在玉米种植业中,增加劳动力的投入与直接物资与服务投入、提高种植规模达到适度规模水平对玉米产量的增加具有正向效应,而传统玉米种植大省技术效率优势并不显著,农业自然灾害的发生对玉米生产技术效率具有显著的负效应；③玉米生产种植技术效率存在区域差异,但差距正在逐渐缩小,具有趋同的趋势。技术进步在玉米种植中发挥着重要的作用,通过对现有投入要素增加以及对现有技术的推广扩散来提高生产效率的空间已经不大,玉米生产必须要转换新的增长动能,要加大农业科技创新的投入,加强玉米良种、良法、良技、良具的研究与应用,提升生产经营规模,实现适度规模经营,同时应加强农业灾害的监测预警工作；推进玉米行业开展供给侧改革,引导玉米种植从“产出导向型”向“投入导向型”转变,在玉米主产区示范、引导和推广青贮玉米,支撑畜牧业发展。
英文摘要:
Study the technical efficiency, changing trends and influencing factors of China\&\#39\;s corn planting industry, and provide reference for efficiency evaluation and industrial policy formulation of corn planting industry. Using the stochastic frontier analysis model of transcendental logarithmic production function, using the input and output panel data of 15 major maize producing areas in China, the efficiency and time series evolution of corn planting techniques were classified and analyzed, and the influencing factors were analyzed. The results show that: ①China\&\#39\;s major maize producing areas have higher production and technical efficiency, and the overall trend shows an upward trend. After reaching the maximum in 2013, it tends to be stable, and the planting technical efficiency is narrowly vibrating in the range of 0.878-0.938; ②In the corn planting industry, increasing labor input and direct material and service inputs and increasing the scale of planting to a moderate scale have a positive effect on the increase of corn yield, The technical efficiency advantage of the corn planting province is not significant. The occurrence of agricultural natural disasters has a significant negative effect on the efficiency of corn production technology. ③There are regional differences in the efficiency of corn production and planting techniques, but the gap is gradually narrowing and has a trend of convergence. Technological progress plays an important role in citrus cultivation. The space for increasing production efficiency through the increase of existing input factors and the spread of existing technologies is not large. Corn production must convert new growth momentum and increase Investment in agricultural science and technology innovation, strengthen the research and application of improved varieties, good practices, good techniques and good tools for corn, increase the scale of production and operation, and achieve moderate scale operation. At the same time, it should strengthen the monitoring and early warning of agricultural disasters; promote the supply-side reform of the corn industry. Guide the transformation of corn planting from “output-oriented” to “input-oriented”, demonstrating, guiding and promoting silage corn in the main corn producing areas to support the development of animal husbandry.
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