气候变化背景下深松播种对玉米农田土壤水热与呼吸特性的影响
为应对气候变化背景下,干旱及夏季极端天气发生频率提高而影响玉米生产,提升玉米生产防灾减灾能力提升,于2017-2018年夏玉米季,在河北省现代农业产业技术体系衡水试验站,设夏玉米深松播种(ST)和常规免耕播种(NT)2个处理,研究不同播种方式对农田土壤水热动态、呼吸速率、硝态氮含量、产量及水分利用特征的影响。主要研究结果表明：全生育期,ST处理地积温显著高于NT处理,2个种植季平均提高160.4℃.d,提高幅度为5.3%。全生育期ST处理平均土壤呼吸速率平均比NT处理高11.7%。采用深松播种,0-100cm根系利用水分较为活跃土层含水量比免耕播种提高1.2个百分点,其中20-100cm提高2个百分点。0-20cm深松播种土壤种硝态氮含量含低于免耕播种,40-60cm相反；0-60cm土层,不同处理苗期到穗期,深松播种处理土壤硝态氮含量稍高,但与免耕播种差异不显著。深松播种显著降低了玉米农田耗水量、提高了水分利用效率,肥料偏生产力也有显著提高。
英文摘要:
In order to cope with the climate change background, the frequency of drought and summer extreme weather increases, which affects maize production, and improves the ability of maize production to prevent and mitigate disasters, two treatments of subsoiling sowing (ST) and conventional no-tillage sowing (NT) of summer maize were set up at Hengshui Experimental Station of Modern Agricultural Technical System in Hebei Province in the summer maize season of 2017-2018, to study the effects of different sowing methods on Soil Hydrothermal dynamics, respiration rate, nitrate content, yield and water use characteristics. . The main results showed that the accumulated temperature of ST treatment was significantly higher than that of NT treatment during the whole growth period, and the average increase in the two planting seasons was 160.4 d, with an increase of 5.3%. The average soil respiration rate in the whole growth period ST was 11.7% higher than that in NT treatment. With subsoiling sowing, the water content of soil layer with active water use in 0-100cm root system was 1.2 percentage points higher than that in no-tillage sowing, and 20-100cm root system was 2 percentage points higher. Soil nitrate content of 0-20cm subsoiling sowing was lower than that of no-tillage sowing, but was opposite to that of 40-60cm sowing. Soil nitrate content of 0-60cm subsoiling sowing was slightly higher than that of no-tillage sowing from seedling stage to spike stage, but there was no significant difference between subsoiling sowing and no-tillage sowing. Subsowing significantly reduced water consumption and increased water use efficiency of maize field, and fertilizer partial productivity also significantly increased.
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