宁夏扬黄灌区有机肥配施氮肥对滴灌春玉米生长和产量的影响
【目的】探讨滴灌条件下砂质土壤春玉米田有机肥和氮肥配施的最佳施用量，为土壤培肥、化肥减施以及提高宁夏扬黄灌区玉米产量提供理论依据。【方法】通过两年田间定位试验，采用裂区设计，设置有机肥为主处理，氮肥为副处理，研究了滴灌条件下有机肥与氮肥配施对玉米生长和产量的影响。【结果】玉米产量以有机肥3000 kg/hm2配施300 kg/hm2氮肥处理最高，比不施肥处理增产50.65%；其次为有机肥4500 kg/hm2配施300 kg/hm2氮肥，和有机肥4500 kg/hm2配施225 kg/hm2氮肥处理，分别较不施肥增产48.78%，46.83%。【结论】考虑到宁夏中部干旱带扬黄灌区土壤培肥和玉米增产需要，建议推荐该地区有机肥施用量为3000 kg/hm2，配施氮肥用量300 kg/hm2。
英文摘要:
【Objectives】For improving soil fertility, reducing chemical fertilizer and enhancing corn yield, it is necessary to study the optimal application dosage of organic fertilizer combined with nitrogen in sand soil with spring corn on the condition of drip irrigation in the central arid region of Ningxia where the irrigation water is from Yellow River by pumping method. 【Methods】Two-year-located field experiment were carried out to study the effects of organic fertilizer application with nitrogen fertilizer on the growth and yield of spring maize under drip irrigation conditions by using split plot design. The main treatment is organic fertilizer levels which was applicated to soil before corn was planted in 2016. The secondary treatment is nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer was drip-irrigated to the soil in the key growing stage of spring maize. 【Results】The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer with appropriate amount of nitrogen fertilizer could increase the plant height and stem diameter, and promote dry matter accumulation compared with no fertilization in the whole growth period of maize, especially in the tasseling period. The yield was highest in application of 3000 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer with 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizers, increasing by 50.65% than no nitrogen treatment. Secondly, the treatments of applying 4500 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer with 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizers and applying 4500 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer with 225 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizers increased the yield by 48.78% and 46.83% than no nitrogen treatment, respectively. 【Conclusions】Considering the requirement of improving soil fertility and corn yield, the amount of 300 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer and 300 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizers are recommended in this region.
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