为了满足日益增长的粮食需求，在保证合理的氮肥投入基础上，配施生物炭，改良土壤，更大程度挖掘高产潜力是保障玉米高产高效的有效途径。为此，本试验在包头（40°59′N，110°56′E）和通辽（43°86′N，121°50′E）2个试验点，设0、8、16、24 t/hm2 4个生物炭水平以及0、150、300 kg/hm2 3个施氮水平，研究生物炭配施氮肥对土壤物理性质及春玉米产量的影响。结果表明，在0~20 cm土层，生物炭能够显著降低土壤容重，增加土壤孔隙度，且与氮肥存在交互作用。0~20 cm和20~40 cm土层，生物炭和氮肥均可显著提高土壤含水量和蓄水量，土壤持水性随生物炭量增加呈先增后减的趋势。生物炭和氮肥均可有效降低土壤三相比偏离值。炭氮配施可显著提高春玉米产量和氮效率，包头和通辽均以8 t/hm2生物炭配施150 kg/hm2氮为最大值，较单施氮肥增产20.07 %和15.59 %。
英文摘要:
In order to meet the growing food demand, the effective way to guarantee the high yield and high efficiency of spring corn was to combine the biochar with the reasonable nitrogen fertilizer input, improved the soil and tap the high yield potential to a greater extent. To this end, the experiment was set four treatments of different biochar dosages of 0, 8, 16, 24 t/hm2 and three treatments of different nitrogen dosages of 0, 150, 300 kg/hm2 in two test sites of Baotou and Tongliao. The influence of physical properties of soil and yield of spring maize by combined application of biochar and nitrogen were studied. The results shown that biochar could significantly reduce soil bulk density and increase soil porosity of 0~20 cm soil layer, and it interacted with nitrogen fertilizer. Biochar and nitrogen fertilizer could significantly improve soil moisture content and storage capacity in 0~20 cm and 20~40 cm soil layers. The soil water retention was a trend of increased after decreased first with biochar increased. Both biochar and nitrogen fertilizer could effectively reduce the deviation value of soil three phase ratio. Combine application of biochar and nitrogen could significantly increase the yield and nitrogen efficiency of spring corn, and the maximum of both Baotou and Tongliao were that 8 t/hm2 biochar combined with 150 kg/hm2 nitrogen fertilizer, which was increased than individual nitrogen treatment by 20.07 % and 15.59 %, respectively.
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