通过两年田间裂区设计试验，研究旋耕、深翻与不同秸秆还田方式（秸秆不还田、秸秆还田和秸秆还田配施有机肥）结合对东北黑土区玉米一年一熟农田耕层（0-15cm）土壤容重、三相比和固定态铵的影响。结果表明：（1）连年耕作下，旋耕耕层土壤容重逐渐增大，而深翻与配合秸秆还田可以缓解甚至减小这种变化。不同秸秆还田方式对土壤容重有不同的影响，其中秸秆还田方式对土壤容重影响由大到小依次为：秸秆还田>秸秆还田配施有机肥>常规单施化肥。（2）耕作方式对土壤三相比有直接的影响。两年旋耕耕层土壤固相比增加，气、液比例减小；深翻使土壤三相比更趋于理想。秸秆还田配施有机肥效果优于秸秆还田和常规单施化肥。（3）耕作方式对耕层土壤固定态铵含量影响没有显现，而秸秆还田方式对耕层土壤固定态铵含量具有显著差异，其中秸秆还田配施有机肥能有效提高固定态铵含量，其次是秸秆还田。（4）不同秸秆还田方式耕层土壤固定态铵含量与固相比成显著负相关。深翻结合秸秆还田配施有机肥可较好的改良0-15cm土壤容重、三相比、提高固定态铵含量，更适合当前区域。
英文摘要:
To elucidate the effects of different tillage practices with fertilization pattern (no straw returning, straw returning and straw returning with organic fertilizer) on soil bulk density, three phase ratio and fixed ammonium in the one year and one cropland layer (0-15cm) of Maize in the northeast black soil area, we studied two year field experiment. The results showed that: (1) Under years of tillage, the soil bulk density of the rotary tillage layer increases gradually, while deep tillage combined with straw returning can alleviate or even reduce this change.there has different effect on soil bulk density by different straw returning, the way of straw returned to affect the order from large to small is: straw returned > straw returned with organic fertilizer > conventional fertilization of chemical fertilizer.(2) Different tillage treatment has a direct impact on soil three phase ratio.Two years rotation tillage layer soil increased solid ratio, gas and liquid ratio decreased; deep turning makes the soil three phase ratio more ideal. The effect of straw returning with organic fertilizer is better than straw returning and conventional chemical fertilizer application alone. (3) There is no effect on the top layer of soil fixed ammonium content by different tillage methods. However, there is a significant difference in the content of ammonium in the fixed state of soil in soil layer by different straw returning, the straw returning with organic fertilizer can significant increase the content of ammonium in the fixed state, the straw returning next. (4) There was a significant negative correlation between the content of fixed ammonium and the straw returning. Deep turning and straw returning combined with orgnic fertiziler can improve the soil bulk density of 0-15cm, increase the content of ammonium in the fixed state, and be more suitable for the current area.
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