玉米籽粒机收技术是实现玉米生产全程机械化的重点和难点。选用不同基因型玉米品种，设置3个种植密度，研究了不同基因型夏玉米籽粒机收质量及其对种植密度的响应。结果表明，不同处理组合机收籽粒破损率为1.03~6.26%，杂质率为0.17%~2.12%，损失率为0，含水率为23.9%~35.80%。除60000株/公顷密度下的创玉107、粒收1号和先玉335外，其他处理组合的破碎率均低于5%（国标GBT-21962-2008）；所有处理组合杂质率均低于3%（国标GBT-21962- 2008）。随种植密度从60000株/公顷增加到90000株/公顷，机收脱粒时籽粒含水率、破碎率和杂质率均呈降低趋势。籽粒含水率与机收籽粒破碎率、杂质率之间均呈正相关关系，与腐籽率和容重呈负相关关系。机收籽粒腐籽率为0.58%~5.89%，除迪卡517、华皖267和粒收1号外，其他品种均超过2%（GB1353-2009中规定生霉粒不得超过2.0%）；90000株/公顷密度下籽粒腐籽率（2.39%）显著高于60000株/公顷（2.03%）和75000株/公顷（2.06%）；建议在黄淮海地区评价玉米品种的籽粒机收质量时关注腐籽率。本试验条件下，种植密度、基因型及其交互作用均显著影响籽粒机收质量，基因型的影响效应大于种植密度。
英文摘要:
The technology of maize mechanical grain harvesting is the emphases and difficulty to realize completely mechanized maize production. Selecting various genotypes maize, planting with 3 planting densities, the effect of planting density and genotypes, their interaction on mechanical grain harvesting quality of summer maize was studies. The results indicate that the broken rate, impurity rate, loss rate and grain moisture rate of the harvested grain were 1.03~6.26% and 0.17~2.12%, 0, 23.9~35.80%, respectively. Aside from Chuangyu107 and Lishou1hao, Xianyu335 planting with 60000 plants ha-1, the other treatment combinations’ broken rate were lower than 5%, the highest value permitted for broken rate by Chinese national standard GBT-21962-2008. The grain impurity rates of all treatment combinations were lower than 3%, the highest value permitted for impurity rate by Chinese national standard GBT-21962-2008. The mechanical harvested grain broken rate and impurity rate, grain moisture rate were elevated with planting density from 60000 to 90000 plants ha-1. Grain broken rate and impurity rate were positively related to grain moisture rate, while grain rotten rate and bulk density were negatively related to grain moisture rate. The mechanical harvested grain rotten rate was 0.58~5.89%. Aside from Dika517 and Huawan267, Lishou1hao, the grain rotten rate other genotype varieties was higher than 2%, the highest value permitted for rotten rate by Chinese national standard GB1353-2009. The grain rotten rate with 90000 plants ha-1 was significantly higher than that of 60000 and 75000 plants ha-1. It is suggested that the grain rotten rate should be paid attention when evaluating the quality of mechanical grain harvesting quality of summer maize in Huang-huai-hai plain. In this study, genotype variety and planting density, their interactions have significant impact on mechanical grain harvesting quality of summer maize, and their effect of genotype variety larger than planting density.
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