干旱缺水是全球农业生产面临的严峻问题，也是制约我国农业和经济发展的重要因素，选用节水高效玉米品种对节约我国农业灌溉用水、提高水资源利用效率和保障国家粮食安全具有重要意义。本文以我国玉米生产主导品种京科968和郑单958（对照）为研究对象，采用称重式蒸渗仪系统研究了其耗水特性及影响因素。研究结果表明：1）京科968的全生育期需水量低于郑单958，而水分利用效率高于郑单958。京科968的全生育期需水量为347.81mm，较郑单958（426.79mm）低78.98mm；水分利用效率为3.16kg%2Fm3，显著高于郑单958（2.50kg%2Fm3）；2）京科968各生育阶段（播种-出苗、出苗-吐丝、吐丝-收获和播种-收获）的平均日耗水量不同，分别为2.04mm%20d-1、3.54mm%20d-1、3.34mm%20d-1和3.35mm%20d-1，分别比郑单958低1.62mm%20d-1、1.43mm%20d-1、0.55mm%20d-1和1.10mm%20d-1。3）影响玉米各生育阶段（播种-出苗、出苗-吐丝、吐丝-收获和播种-收获）日耗水量的气象因素不同，影响出苗-吐丝和播种-收获阶段日耗水量的主要气象因素为空气温度、光辐射和平均风速，影响吐丝-收获阶段日耗水量的主要气象因素是空气温度和光辐射。
英文摘要:
Drought%20and%20water%20shortage%20are%20serious%20problems%20the%20world"s%20agricultural%20production%20faces,%20which%20are%20also%20important%20factors%20restricting%20China"s%20agricultural%20and%20economic%20development.%20To%20excavate%20water%20saving%20and%20high%20efficient%20maize%20cultivars%20is%20very%20important%20for%20improving%20water%20use%20efficiency%20and%20ensure%20the%20country"s%20food%20security.%20Jingke968%20(JK968)%20and%20Zhengdan958%20(ZD958,%20CK)%20which%20were%20dominant%20cultivars%20widely%20planted%20in%20Chinese%20maize%20production,%20were%20planted%20on%20weighing%20lysimeter%20to%20study%20the%20maize%20water%20consumption%20characteristics%20and%20its%20influencing%20factors.%20The%20results%20showed%20that:%201)The%20water%20consumption%20of%20JK968%20was%20lower%20and%20the%20water%20use%20efficiency%20was%20higher%20than%20that%20of%20ZD958,%20the%20water%20consumption%20of%20JK968%20during%20the%20growth%20period%20of%20sowing%20to%20harvest%20was%20347.81mm,%20which%20was%2078.98mm%20lower%20than%20that%20of%20ZD958%20(426.79mm);%20the%20water%20use%20efficiency(WUE)%20of%20JK968%20and%20ZD958%20were%203.16kg%2Fm3%20and%202.50kg%2Fm3%20respectively%20and%20significant%20difference%20was%20found%20between%20them;%202)The%20mean%20daily%20water%20consumption%20of%20JK968%20during%20sowing%20to%20emergence,%20emergence%20to%20silking,%20silking%20to%20harvest%20and%20sowing%20to%20harvest%20were%202.04mm%20d-1,%203.54mm%20d-1,%203.34mm%20d-1%20and%203.35mm%20d-1,%20which%20were%201.62mm%20d-1、1.43mm%20d-1、0.55mm%20d-1and%201.10mm%20d-1%20lower%20than%20that%20of%20ZD958%20respectively.%203)%20The%20climatic%20factors%20significantly%20affecting%20water%20consumption%20of%20ZD958%20and%20JK968%20during%20sowing%20to%20emergence,%20emergence%20to%20silking,%20silking%20to%20harvest%20and%20sowing%20to%20harvest%20were%20different.%20The%20major%20climatic%20factors%20which%20significantly%20affect%20water%20consumption%20during%20emergence%20to%20silking%20and%20sowing%20to%20harvest%20were%20air%20temperature,%20solar%20radiation%20and%20mean%20wind%20speed.%20For%20the%20growth%20duration%20of%20silking%20to%20harvest,%20the%20climatic%20factors%20which%20significantly%20affect%20water%20consumption%20were%20air%20temperature%20and%20solar%20radiation.
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