东北风沙土区不同玉米产量田块土壤剖面基础性质差异研究
东北风沙土地区是我国重要的玉米商品粮生产基地，农田土壤剖面基础性质差异是造成该地区农田生产力空间变异的基本原因。明确东北风沙土区农田土壤剖面性质对玉米产量的影响，可为该地区高产农田的管理提供参考。本研究选取位于东北风沙土区黑龙江省大庆市杜尔伯特蒙古族自治县内风沙土区为研究对象，依据玉米产量选取高中低产田进行剖面调查和取样测定，揭示风沙土区高中低产田土壤剖面基础性质差异特征。结果表明，不同生产力风沙土区玉米产量差异较大，变化范围为4.23~10.45 Mg ha-1。高中低产田速效氮磷钾差异主要表现在表土层和稳定层，在表土层碱解氮含量为高产田>中产田>低产田，高产田含量是中产田的1.64倍，而低产田仅为37.3mg kg-1；在稳定层速率磷差异明显，变化范围为7.66~27.3mg kg-1，高产田比中产田速率磷高出77.0个百分点。从整个剖面来看，在高中低产田中土壤有机质含量为高产田>中产田>低产田，全氮与有机质变化趋势相似；在表土层和稳定性高产田的全磷高于中低产田，表土层中产田高于低产田；全钾在剖面差异不明显，剖面土壤属性间存在着较好的线性相关性。在东北风沙土玉米种植区，高中低产田土壤基础性质差异主要发生在表土层和稳定层，改良中低产田应该从培肥表土层和稳定层着手，表土层和稳定层施有机肥配施氮磷肥是提高风沙土区玉米产量有效途径。
英文摘要:
Aeolian area is an important for commodity corn production in Northeast China, where the differences in productivity ascribe to the soil profile properties. The study on maize yield responded to soil profile properties will provide evidence for field management in Northeast Aeolian area. The present study was carried out in the Aeolian in Du Bert Mongolian Autonomous County, Daqing Heilongjiang province. The fields with high, medium and low productivity were selected and the basic properties of soil profile were measured. Results showed that there was large difference in maize yield across potential productivity area, and the yield ranged from 4.23-10.45 Mg ha-1. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium differed in surface and subsurface. The available nitrogen content decreased as productivity decreased, in which high productivity was 1.64 times as medium one, and was only 37.3mg kg-1 in low productivity field. The available phosphorus content in subsurface ranged from 7.66 to 27.3 mg kg-1, in which high productivity plot was 77.0% higher than that in medium one. As the whole profile, the concentration of soil organic matter was in an order of high > medium > low productivity plots. The similar trend was observed in total nitrogen as soil organic matter. Total phosphorus in surface and subsurface layers from high productivity plot was higher than that in medium and low productivity plots. Total phosphorus in surface of medium plots was higher than that in low productivity plots. Total potassium did not change with profile depth. In the Northeast Aeolian area, the difference in soil basic properties mainly occurred in surface and subsurface. Therefore, the improvement of medium and low yield fields should be focused on surface and subsurface layers. It is favorable approach to apply organic manure, nitrogen and phosphorus to surface and subsurface layer to improve maize yield in Northeast Aeolian area.
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