本研究利用7个著名自交系进行4×3不完全双列杂交获得12个杂交组合,所有材料分别在盐碱土和黑土条件下进行盆栽试验,调查苗期有关形态(株高、叶面积)与生理特性(SOD、POD活性),并进行了杂种优势及遗传分析,为苗期鉴定玉米品种的耐盐碱能力与耐盐碱品种的选育提供参考依据。结果表明,①四个指标可以用于鉴定玉米的耐盐碱性,盐碱胁迫下玉米幼苗株高和叶面积降低,SOD、POD活性升高；②不同自交系耐盐碱能力差异显著,根据四个指标及减少比例进行动态聚类,筛选出郑58是耐盐碱能力较强的自交系,Mo17对盐碱最敏感,5个中耐品种中昌7-2、444和B73偏敏感；③杂交种间耐盐碱能力差异显著,郑单958、郑58×178、郑58×Mo17和黄C×178是耐盐碱性较高的杂交种,444×Mo17是敏感品种；④杂交种的耐盐碱性能与性状的杂种优势无关,而与亲本的耐盐碱程度有关；⑤四个指标的广义遗传力较高,非加性遗传的作用较突出。因此,筛选耐盐碱的自交系时既要考虑有关性状又要考虑其性状对比非逆境条件下的变化率,选择耐盐碱自交系进行组配是培育耐盐碱玉米的关键。
英文摘要:
In this study, seven famous parents’ inbred lines and 12 offspring hybrid by 4 x 3 incomplete diallel crosses were carrying out in pot culture under the condition of saline alkali soil and black soil, respectively. Investigating the morphological characteristics (the height and leaf area)and physiological characteristics (activity of SOD and POD)in seedling stage, analysis the heterosis and genetic parameters, and to provide reference for the identification of saline-alkali tolerant and the breeding of salt-tolerant varieties in maize. The results show that 1)The four indexes can be used to identify the salt tolerance of Maize. Under saline alkali stress, the plant height and leaf area of maize seedlings decreased, and the activity of SOD and POD increased；2)There are significant difference between inbred lines in salt and alkali resistance. According to the dynamic clustering of four indexes and its reducing proportion, Zheng58 was identified as the inbred line with strong salt and alkali resistance, and Mo17 is the most sensitive to salinity. Among 5 moderate salt tolerant varieties, Chang 7-2, 444 and B73 were partial sensitive；3)There were significant differences in salt and alkali tolerance among the hybrids. Zhengdan 958, Zheng 58 x 178, Zheng 58 x Mo17 and Huang C x 178 were hybrids with high salt and alkaline resistance, and 444 x Mo17 was a sensitive variety; 4)SSalt and alkali resistance was unconcerned with the heterosis of the character, but related to the salinity tolerance of the parent; 5) The generalized heritability of the four indexes is higher, and the effect of non additive inheritance is more prominent. Therefore, when screening salt tolerant inbred lines, we should not only consider the related traits but also consider the rate of change under the condition of non stress, the selection of salt tolerant inbred lines is the key to cultivate saline alkali maize.
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