青贮玉米是当前玉米生产中的重要形式，对于农业产业调整和农民增收具有重要意义。有机肥替代是提高青贮玉米生产效益、降低环境负面影响的重要途径，本研究旨在通过田间试验为青贮玉米生产中实施有机肥替代行动提供实验依据。试验设置4个处理：（1）100%化肥（代号N10），（2）70%化肥N+30%有机肥N（代号N7），（3）40%化肥N+60%有机肥N（代号N4）和（4）100%有机肥N（代号N0），测定指标包括，生育期内表层土壤养分（无机N、有效P、速效K、土壤微生物量C、N）、1 m土体NO3-含量、植株生长状况（株高、叶绿素值、叶面积系数、干物质积累）和收获期青贮玉米产量与品质指标，分析并比较N、P、K的回收率，得到以下结果：（1）对土壤养分而言，在大喇叭口期，有机肥替代降低表层土壤无机N的供应水平，提高有效P和速效K的供应水平；在收获期，有机肥替代显著提高土壤微生物量C、N，显著降低80-100 cm土层NO3-含量和1 m土体NO3-累积量。（2）对植株生长而言，有机肥替代不影响株高和叶绿素值，显著影响叶面积系数、茎叶含N量和干物质产量；（3）对于青贮玉米品质而言，有机肥替代提高整株粗蛋白含量和叶片粗蛋白回收量，降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量，提高整体品质；（4）对于养分回收率而言，有机肥替代提高养分生产力和养分回收量，加剧养分的亏缺。综合各方面反应，本研究条件下以30%有机肥替代化肥的效果最佳。从养分平衡的角度出发，通过分析与对比，明确了青贮玉米生产中实施有机肥替代时关注养分亏缺的重要性。
英文摘要:
Silage maize is currently one of important form in the maize production. It is significant for adjusting the agricultural industry and improving farmer income. Organic Fertilizer Substitute (OFS) is one of the important ways both in enhancing production benefits of silage maize and reducing the negative impact on environmental quality. The purpose of this study is, by field experiment, to provide experimental basis for OFS in the silage maize production. There were 4 treatments in the experiment, (1) 100% chemical fertilizer N (code N10), (2) 70% chemical fertilizer N +30% organic fertilizer N (code N7), (3) 40% chemical fertilizer N +60% organic fertilizer N (code N4), and (4) 100% organic fertilizer N (code N0). During the growth season, soil nutrients in the surface layer (soil mineral N, available P and K, soil microbial biomass C and N), nitrate along 1 m soil profile, plant growth parameters (plant height, SPAD, leaf area index, dry mass accumulation), and yield and quality of silage maize at harvest were measured. Recovery ratios of N, phosphorus (P), and Potassium (K) were calculated and compared with those in the literature. The results shown that, (1) for soil nutrients, at flared stage, OFS reduced the supply level of mineral N in the surface layer, but improved the supply level of available P and K; at harvest, OFS increased soil microbial biomass C and N, significantly reduced nitrate concentration in the 80-100 cm layer and the nitrate amount in the 1 m soil profile. (2) for plant growth, OFS had no impact on plant height and SPAD value, but significantly impact on leaf area index, N content in stems and leaves, and dry mass yield. (3) for quality of silage maize, OFS improved the crude protein content in the whole plant and leaves, reduced NDF and ADF content, and improved the integral quality of the silage maize. (4) for nutrients recovery, OFS improved the productivity and recovery ratios of the nutrients and intensify the loss of the nutrients. Integrating all of the effects, the 30% OFS is the best way in the study. With the analysis and comparison with those in the literature, it is confirmed that nutrient deficit in the OFS applied in silage maize production is important and should be given more attention.
查看全文
;
