为实现玉米生产过程中化肥减施的目标,以农民常用的掺混肥(28-15-12)为主要原料,制备了一种大颗粒球肥。通过静水培养试验、养分释放规律的田间模拟试验和田间肥效试验,探讨了大颗粒球肥的氮素释放特性,以及对春玉米生长发育和氮素吸收利用的影响。静水培养试验表明,大颗粒球肥氮素累积溶出率达到80%所需要的时间较掺混肥延长1h,两种肥料在7h氮素基本完全溶解。田间土壤含水量条件下,大颗粒球肥的残留率达30%时,所需的时间为15d,较掺混肥延长10d。氮肥累积溶出率达97%时,大颗粒球肥需要20d,较掺混肥延长15d。田间肥效试验表明,同等施肥量条件下,施大颗粒球肥的玉米地上部干物质积累量、氮肥利用率和产量均优于掺混肥,最高产量可达13306kg/hm2,较掺混肥增产7.54%,氮肥利用率增加20.4%。
英文摘要:
In order to achieve the goal of reducing chemical fertilizers in the process of corn production, a large particle ball fertilizer was prepared by using the common fertilizer (28-15-12) as the main raw material. Through the hydrostatic culture experiment, the nutrient release regular field experiment and the field fertilizer experiment, the effect of large particle ball fertilizer on the nitrogen release and the effect on the growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization of spring maize were discussed. The hydrostatic culture experiments showed that the time required for the cumulative dissolution rate of nitrogen in large particle ball to reach 80% was 1hour longer than that of the mixed fertilizer, and the two fertilizers were almost completely dissolved at 7 hours. Under the conditions of field soil moisture content, when the residual rate of large particle ball fertilizer reached 30%, the time required was 15 days, which was 10 days longer than the mixed fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer cumulative dissolution rate of 97%, large particle ball needs 20 days, was 15 days longer than the mixed fertilizer. The results of field fertilizer experiments showed that under the same fertilization conditions, using large particle ball fertilizers corn the dry matter accumulation, nitrogen use efficiency and yield of corn were higher than that of mixed fertilizers, the highest yield was 13306kg / hm2, which was higher than mixed fertilizers 7.54%, nitrogen use efficiency increased by 20.4%.
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