为了研究间作系统中覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应,在玉米/大豆2∶2 型间作模式中以大豆作为覆盖作物,从生物覆盖的角度对玉米根际土壤、田间气候的温湿度变化、玉米农艺性状及产量进行分析。试验结果表明：在玉米行间种植覆盖作物,土壤含水量在玉米乳熟期比玉米单作平均提高15.1 %,10-30 cm各层土壤温度平均提升1.4 ℃,田间气温提高1 ℃；与单作相比,玉米各农艺性状有所改善,产量明显增加,土壤水分利用率最高可达10.5 %。说明覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应是覆盖、互作、叠加、互补等多种效应的复合表现,对主作物根际土壤及田间气候的温、湿度具有调节作用,可有效提高光能和土壤水分利用率。通过覆盖作物和主作物间作的有机结合,可达到旱作农业用地与养地有效统一。
英文摘要:
In order to research the effect of cover crops on the main crops in intercropping system, the study used soybean as cover crop in corn soyabean 2:2-type intercropping pattern, and analyzed the changes of temperature and humidity of corn rhizosphere soil and field climate, corn agronomic characters and yield from the perspective of biological coverage. The results showed that: planting cover crops between the rows of corn, soil moisture content in corn milk stage was increased by 15.1% on average than maize monoculture; each layer soil temperature of 10-30cm was increased by 1.4 ℃ on average, the temperature in field was promoted 1 ℃; compared with monoculture, maize agronomic traits was improved and the yield was increased significantly, the efficiency of soil water could be up to 10.5%. The result shows that the effect of cover crops on the main crops was a composite performance of many effects such as coverage, interaction, overlay and complementarity, which could regulate the temperature and humidity of main crops rhizosphere soil and field climate , could effectively improve the utilization of light energy and soil water. By the organic combination of intercropping between covering crops and main crops, it can achieve the effective unification of dryland farming land and raising land in rainfed agricultural .
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