吉林玉米带不同小麦/玉米间作模式对产量及水分利用率的影响
【研究目的】探讨不同玉米//小麦间作模式对作物产量、水分利用率及种间竞争等方面的影响。【方法】采用田间试验,设置4:2(四垄玉米两垄小麦),3:2(三垄玉米两垄小麦),2:2(两垄玉米两垄小麦)三种不同的玉米//小麦间作模式,以及玉米、小麦单作共五个处理。【结果】两年试验结果均表明,相对于单作处理,玉米//小麦间作在作物产量、土地当量比、水分利用率、小麦收获后玉米的恢复效应及干物质积累量等方面均具有显著优势。间作处理的土地当量比(LER)均大于1,其中2:2模式土地当量比高于4:2,3:2。玉米//小麦间作系统中,小麦相对玉米的竞争力(Awc)均大于0,表明作物共生期小麦竞争力强于玉米,顺序为2:2>3:2>4:2。在小麦收获后,间作玉米的生长发育开始恢复,三种不同间作处理的玉米相对生长率(RGR)相比单作玉米提高显著,其中2:2间作模式的玉米恢复效应为最好。在作物耗水等方面,玉米//小麦的全生育期耗水量及水分利用率均高于单作。间作模式能显著增加玉米//小麦间作的籽粒产量,相比单作,间作小麦产量提高12.1%～21.1%(2016),7.1%～18%(2017),间作玉米产量提高7.8%～11%(2016),3%～13.6%(2017),其中2:2处理组在产量表现等方面为最优。【结论】小麦/玉米间作具有明显的土地优势和产量优势,其中2:2模式为最佳间作模式。
英文摘要:
【OBJECTIVE】The paper mainly illuminated the effects of crop yield, water utilization rate and interspecies competition in corn//wheat intercropping system【METHOD】Five intercropping treatments were designed, which were 4:2(Four rows of corn, two rows of wheat.),3:2(three rows of corn, two rows of wheat),2:2(two rows of corn, two rows of wheat),mono-cropping corn and mono-cropping wheat.【RESULTS】Two years of experimental results show that. Compared with the monoculture, corn/wheat intercropping on crop production, land equivalent ratio, water use efficiency, the recovery effect of corn after wheat harvest, and so on dry matter accumulation and so on has significant advantages. The land equivalent ratio (LER) of intercropping system is greater than 1.The 2:2 land equivalent ratio above 4:2, 3:2. The competitiveness of wheat with maize is greater than 0.Their order is 2:2>3:2>4:2.After the wheat harvest, the growth and development of intercropping maize began to recover. The relative growth rate (RGR) of three maize intercropping treatments increased significantly, among them, the 2: 2 intercropping system had the best corn recovery effect. In the aspects of crop water consumption, water consumption and water use efficiency of corn//wheat during the whole growth period were higher than those of mono-cropping crop. Intercropping can significantly increase the grain yield of corn//wheat . Compared with monoculture, intercropping wheat output increased by 12.1%～21.1%(2016),7.1%～18%(2017).Intercropping corn production increased by 7.8%～11%(2016),3%～13.6%(2017).Among them, 2:2 treatment group was the best in terms of yield performance.【CONCLUSION】Corn//wheat intercropping has obvious advantages of land and yield, which 2: 2 mode for the best intercropping mode.
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