作物生育进程是反映作物潜在产量的重要指标，研究气候变暖对玉米物候期的影响具有重要意义。本研究利用1981-2012年东北地区农业气象观测站的物候期观测记录，分析春玉米关键生育期及不同生育阶段的空间分布及变化趋势，以期为春玉米种植的适应策略提供支撑。研究结果表明：东北地区春玉米平均播种期、拔节期、开花期及成熟期日序的变化范围分别为：112-139天、170-193天、196-213天和249-270天，物候期空间分布整体表现为纬度越高物候期越迟的趋势。播种期倾向率在-0.53－0.8之间，呈现出辽宁省、吉林省推迟，黑龙江提前的趋势；拔节期倾向率在-0.4－0.5天/年之间，整体呈现推迟的趋势；开花期倾向率在-0.7－0.65天/年之间，呈现明显的推迟趋势；成熟期倾向率在-0.22－0.65天/年之间，同样呈现明显的推迟趋势。各生育期长度的空间分布差异不明显，营养生长期、并进期、生殖生长期及全生育期长度的范围分别为42－70天，17－31天，47－62天，119－155天，其中，营养生长期表现为中部的吉林省比黑龙江和辽宁省要长；生殖生长期大体呈现自南向北缩短的趋势；全生育期东部地区比西部地区长。营养生长期倾向率大多在0－0.7天/年之间，呈现明显增长趋势；并进期倾向率大多在-0.88－0.48天/年之间，变化趋势不明显；生殖生长期倾向率大多在0－0.76天/年之间，呈现明显的增长趋势；全生育期倾向率大多在0－0.5天/年之间，呈现明显的增长趋势。
英文摘要:
The process of crop growth is an important indicator for the crop potential yield, and it is very important to study the effect of climate warming on the spring maize phenology. In this study, the spatial distribution and variation trend of spring maize key growth period and different growth stages were analyzed using the phenological observation records of agricultural meteorological observation stations in Northeast China from 1981 to 2012, to support the adaptation strategy of spring maize cultivation. The study shows that: The average sowing period, jointing stage, flowering period and maturing date of spring maize in Northeast China were 112-139,170-193,196-213 and 249-270, and the spatial distribution of phenological period showed that the phenological period delayed as the dimension increases. The tendency of sowing period was between -0.53 and 0.8, showing the trend of delaying the advance of Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province, and the tendency of jointing trend in the period of -0.4-0.5 days / year, the trend of postponement Rate between -0.7-0.65 days / year, showing a clear delay trend; maturity rate of -0.22-0.65 days / year, also showed a significant delay in the trend. The spatial distribution of the growth period was not obvious. The length of the vegetative growth period, the period of growth, the period of reproductive growth and the growth period were 42-70 days, 17-31 days, 47-62 days, 119-155 days, The spatial distribution of the growth period was not obvious. The length of the vegetative growth period, the period of growth, the period of reproductive growth and the growth period were 42-70 days, 17-31 days, 47-62 days, 119-155 days. The trend of vegetative growth was mostly in the range of 0-0.7 days / year, showing a significant trend of growth; and the trend of progressive trend was mostly between -0.88-0.48 days / year, the trend was not obvious; the reproductive tendency tendency was mostly in 0 -0.76 days / year, showing a significant growth trend; the overall growth rate of most of the 0-0.5 days / year, showing a significant growth trend.
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