《The Scientist》:2013年度热门基因组研究



2013年末,《科学家》(TheScientist)杂志盘点了2013年度的高引基因组研究论文,一起来了解下有哪些基因组论文受到了研究人员的热捧。

斑马鱼基因组

种属:Zebrafish,Daniorerio

基因组大小:~1.41billionbasepairs

斑马鱼(Daniorerio)是广泛用于遗传学、发育和疾病研究的重要模式生物,其透明胚胎特别容易观察。此外,这种小鱼既容易培养成本又低。近十年来,人们在不断完善斑马鱼的基因组草图。不过直到今年四月,人们才最终获得了高质量的斑马鱼参考基因组。

来自英国桑格研究所的科学家们,在斑马鱼的基因组中发现了26,000个蛋白编码基因,这是已测序脊椎动物中最多的。研究显示,斑马鱼70%的基因与人类基因直系同源。他们在同期Nature上还发表了另一篇文章,通过诱变和测序,在斑马鱼基因组中鉴定了10,000多个蛋白编码基因的功能。研究人员希望,高质量的斑马鱼基因组,能够帮助人们增进对人类疾病的认识。(详细报道Nature:系统解析斑马鱼参考基因组)

KerstinHowe,MatthewD.Clark,CarlosF.Torroja,JamesTorrance,CamilleBerthelot,MatthieuMuffato,JohnE.Collins,SeanHumphray,KarenMcLaren,LucyMatthews,StuartMcLaren,IanSealy,MarioCaccamo,CarolChurcher,CarolScott,JeffreyC.Barrett,RomkeKoch,Gerd-JörgRauch,SimonWhite,WilliamChow,BrittKilian,LeonorT.Quintais,JoséA.Guerra-Assunção,YiZhou,YongGu,JenniferYen,Jan-HinnerkVogel,TinaEyre,SethRedmond,RubyBanerjee,JianxiangChi,BeiyuanFu,ElizabethLangley,SeanF.Maguire,GavinK.Laird,DavidLloyd,EmmaKenyon,SarahDonaldson,HarminderSehra,JeffAlmeida-King,JaneLoveland,StephenTrevanion,MattJones,MikeQuail,DaveWilley,AdrienneHunt,JohnBurton,SarahSims,KirstenMcLay,BobPlumb,JoyDavis,ChrisClee,KarenOliver,RichardClark,ClareRiddle,DavidEliott,GlenThreadgold,GlennHarden,DarrenWare,BeverlyMortimer,GiselleKerry,PaulHeath,BenjaminPhillimore,AlanTracey,NicoleCorby,MatthewDunn,ChristopherJohnson,JonathanWood,SusanClark,SarahPelan,GuyGriffiths,MichelleSmith,RebeccaGlithero,PhilipHowden,NicholasBarker,ChristopherStevens,JoannaHarley,KarenHolt,GeorgiosPanagiotidis,JamiesonLovell,HelenBeasley,CarlHenderson,DariaGordon,KatherineAuger,DeborahWright,JoannaCollins,ClaireRaisen,LaurenDyer,KenricLeung,LaurenRobertson,KirstyAmbridge,DanielLeongamornlert,SarahMcGuire,RuthGilderthorp,ColineGriffiths,DeepaManthravadi,SarahNichol,GaryBarker,SiobhanWhitehead,MichaelKay,JacquelineBrown,ClareMurnane,EmmaGray,MatthewHumphries,NeilSycamore,DarrenBarker,DavidSaunders,JusteneWallis,AnneBabbage,SianHammond,MaryamMashreghi-Mohammadi,LucyBarr,SanchaMartin,PaulWray,AndrewEllington,NicholasMatthews,MatthewEllwood,RebeccaWoodmansey,GrahamClark,JamesCooper,AnthonyTromans,DarrenGrafham,CarlSkuce,RichardPandian,RobertAndrews,ElliotHarrison,AndrewKimberley,JaneGarnett,NigelFosker,RebekahHall,PatrickGarner,DanielKelly,ChristineBird,SophiePalmer,InesGehring,AndreaBerger,ChristopherM.Dooley,ZübeydeErsan-ürün,CigdemEser,HorstGeiger,MariaGeisler,LenaKarotki,AnetteKirn,JudithKonantz,MartinaKonantz,MartinaOberländer,SilkeRudolph-Geiger,MathiasTeucke,KazutoyoOsoegawa,BaoliZhu,AmandaRapp,SaraWidaa,CordeliaLangford,FengtangYang,NigelP.Carter,JenniferHarrow,ZeminNing,JavierHerrero,SteveM.J.Searle,AntonEnright,RobertGeisler,RonaldH.A.Plasterk,CharlesLee,MonteWesterfield,PieterJ.deJong,LeonardI.Zon,JohnH.Postlethwait,ChristianeNüsslein-Volhard,TimJ.P.Hubbard,HuguesRoestCrollius,JaneRogers&DerekL.Stemple.TheZebrafishReferenceGenomeSequenceanditsRelationshiptotheHumanGenome.Nature,17April2013;doi:10.1038/nature12111(60次引用)

RossN.W.Kettleborough,ElisabethM.Busch-Nentwich,StevenA.Harvey,ChristopherM.Dooley,EwartdeBruijn,FreekvanEeden,IanSealy,RichardJ.White,ColinHerd,IsaacJ.Nijman,FruzsinaFényes,SelinaMehroke,CatherineScahill,RichardGibbons,NehaWali,SamanthaCarruthers,AmandaHall,JenniferYen,EdwinCuppen&DerekL.Stemple.Asystematicgenome-wideanalysisofzebrafishprotein-codinggenefunction.Nature,17April2013;doi:10.1038/nature11992(22次引用)

挪威云杉

种属:Norwayspruce,Piceaabies

基因组大小:19.6billionbasepairs

挪威云杉(Piceaabies)广泛分布于北半球,是第一个被测序的裸子植物,其基因组发表在五月份的Nature杂志上。研究显示,挪威云杉拥有巨大的基因组,但其中只有28,000个基因,数量与拟南芥差不多(拟南芥的基因组只有135millionbp)。研究人员发现,形成这种超大基因组是因为,挪威云杉无法有效清除转座子元件。随后,他们对另外五种针叶树进行测序,并将这些低覆盖度的基因组草图与云杉基因组进行比较。研究显示,转座子元件在这类植物中非常普遍。“这些树的基因组序列,不仅能帮助我们理解过去,还可以增进我们对目前北半球森林的理解,”北卡罗来纳州立大学的RonaldSederoff说。(详细报道Nature:科学家完成云杉超大基因组草图)

BjörnNystedt,NathanielR.Street,AnnaWetterbom,AndreaZuccolo,Yao-ChengLin,DouglasG.Scofield,FrancescoVezzi,NicolasDelhomme,StefaniaGiacomello,AndreyAlexeyenko,RiccardoVicedomini,KristofferSahlin,EllenSherwood,MalinElfstrand,LydiaGramzow,KristinaHolmberg,JimmieHällman,OlivierKeech,LisaKlasson,MaximKoriabine,MelisKucukoglu,MaxKäller,JohannesLuthman,FredrikLysholm,TotteNiittylä,ÅkeOlson,NemanjaRilakovic,CarolRitland,JosepA.Rosselló,JulianaSena,ThomasSvensson,CarlosTalavera-López,GünterTheißen,HanneleTuominen,KevinVanneste,Zhi-QiangWu,BoZhang,PhilippZerbe,LarsArvestad,RishikeshBhalerao,JoergBohlmann,JeanBousquet,RosarioGarciaGil,TorgeirR.Hvidsten,PieterdeJong,JohnMacKay,MicheleMorgante,KermitRitland,BjörnSundberg,StaceyLeeThompson,YvesVandePeer,BjörnAndersson,OveNilsson,PärK.Ingvarsson,JoakimLundeberg&StefanJansson.TheNorwaysprucegenomesequenceandconifergenomeevolution.Nature,22May2013;doi:10.1038/nature12211(44次引用)

古老的腔棘鱼

种属:Africancoelacanth,Latimeriachalumnae

基因组大小:~2.86billionbasepairs

四月份Nature发布了非洲腔棘鱼(Latimeriachalumnae)的基因组,引起了进化生物学家的强烈兴趣,这种动物的形态与陆生脊椎动物的鱼类祖先非常相似。腔棘鱼曾被认为已在七千万年前灭绝,直到上世纪三十年代,人们才在南非发现了一只。自此以后,人们总共只找到过309条腔棘鱼。研究人员测序了腔棘鱼的基因组,发现与肺鱼、鸡和哺乳动物相比,其蛋白编码基因演化得非常慢。此外,与腔棘鱼相比,肺鱼与四足动物的亲缘更近。

研究显示,腔棘鱼与四足脊椎动物共享的一个DNA片段,可能启动了四肢的进化。该DNA片段能促进一个基因簇的表达,而该基因簇涉及了手指、手腕、脚踝和脚趾中的骨头形成。文章指出,这些基因可能帮助陆生动物的鱼类祖先,生成适应陆地的四肢。(详细报道Nature:脊椎动物进化里程碑腔棘鱼基因组测序完成)

ChrisT.Amemiya,JessicaAlföldi,AlisonP.Lee,ShaohuaFan,HervéPhilippe,IainMacCallum,IngoBraasch,TerezaManousaki,IgorSchneider,NicolasRohner,ChrisOrgan,DomitilleChalopin,JeramiahJ.Smith,MarkRobinson,RosemaryA.Dorrington,MarcoGerdol,BronwenAken,MariaAssuntaBiscotti,MarcoBarucca,DenisBaurain,AaronM.Berlin,GregoryL.Blatch,FrancescoBuonocore,ThorstenBurmester,MichaelS.Campbell,AdrianaCanapa,JohnP.Cannon,AlanChristoffels,GianlucaDeMoro,AdrienneL.Edkins,LinFan,AnnaMariaFausto,NathalieFeiner,MarikoForconi,JunaidGamieldien,SanteGnerre,AndreasGnirke,JaredV.Goldstone,WilfriedHaerty,MarkE.Hahn,UljanaHesse,SteveHoffmann,JeremyJohnson,SibelI.Karchner,ShigehiroKuraku,MarciaLara,JoshuaZ.Levin,GaryW.Litman,EvanMauceli,TsutomuMiyake,M.GailMueller,DavidR.Nelson,AnneNitsche,EttoreOlmo,TatsuyaOta,AlbertoPallavicini,SumirPanji,BarbaraPicone,ChrisP.Ponting,SonjaJ.Prohaska,DariuszPrzybylski,NilRatanSaha,VydianathanRavi,FilipeJ.Ribeiro,TatjanaSauka-Spengler,GiuseppeScapigliati,StephenM.J.Searle,TedSharpe,OlegSimakov,PeterF.Stadler,JohnJ.Stegeman,KentaSumiyama,DianaTabbaa,HakimTafer,JasonTurner-Maier,PetervanHeusden,SimonWhite,LouiseWilliams,MarkYandell,HennerBrinkmann,Jean-NicolasVolff,CliffordJ.Tabin,NeilShubin,ManfredSchartl,DavidB.Jaffe,JohnH.Postlethwait,ByrappaVenkatesh,FedericaDiPalma,EricS.Lander,AxelMeyer&KerstinLindblad-Toh.TheAfricancoelacanthgenomeprovidesinsightsintotetrapodevolution.Nature,17April2013;doi:10.1038/nature12027(29次引用)

小菜蛾 种属:Diamondbackmoth,Plutellaxylostella

基因组大小:~3.4billionbasepairs

小菜蛾(Plutellaxylostella)对十字花科的蔬菜危害很大(包括卷心菜和花椰菜),每年造成四十亿到五十亿美元的经济损失。上世纪九十年代以来,小菜蛾发展出了对杀虫剂的抗性。今年1月,由福建农林大学和华大基因(BGI)领导一个国际团队,测序了小菜蛾的基因组,发表在NatureGenetics杂志上。他们鉴定了大约18,000个蛋白编码基因,其中超过1,400个是小菜蛾独有的基因。研究显示,这些独特基因涉及了对植物防御素的感知和抵抗,参与了对环境信息的处理和应答。这些基因让小菜蛾拥有了很强的抗压能力。研究人员将小菜蛾基因组与其他昆虫相比较,发现其解毒基因附近,在近两百万年以内发生了转座子扩增。而这一现象让小菜蛾得以快速演化出对杀虫剂的抗性。(详细报道中国科学家首次成功破译小菜蛾基因组)

MinshengYou,ZhenYue,WeiyiHe,XinhuaYang,GuangYang,MiaoXie,DongliangZhan,SimonWBaxter,LietteVasseur,GeoffMGurr,CarlJDouglas,JianlinBai,PingWang,KaiCui,ShiguoHuang,XianchunLi,QingZhou,ZhangyanWu,QilinChen,ChunhuiLiu,BoWang,XiaojingLi,XiufengXu,ChangxinLu,MinHu,JohnWDavey,SandyMSmith,MingshunChen,XiaofengXia,WeiqiTang,FushiKe,DandanZheng,YulanHu,FengqinSong,YanchunYou,XiaoliMa,LuPeng,YunkaiZheng,YongLiang,YaqiongChen,LiyingYu,YounanZhang,YuanyuanLiu,GuoqingLi,LinFang,JingxiangLi,XinZhou,YadanLuo,CaiyunGou,JunyiWang,JianWang,HuanmingYang&JunWang.Aheterozygousmothgenomeprovidesinsightsintoherbivoryanddetoxification.NatureGenetics,13January2013;doi:10.1038/ng.2524(24次引用)

家山羊

种属:Yunnanblackgoat,Caprahircus

基因组大小:~2.9billionbasepairs

2012年12月,华大基因和中科院昆明动物研究所合作,在《NatureBiotechnology》杂志上发布了第一个山羊基因组。研究人员对一只雌性家山羊(Caprahircus)的肝脏组织DNA进行了测序。他们注释了超过22,000个蛋白编码基因,和将近490个miRNA基因。此外,研究人员还对内蒙古绒山羊的两种毛囊进行了测序和比较,一种生成典型的山羊毛,而另一个生成柔软的羊绒纤维。他们发现,这两种不同类型的毛囊中,有51个基因发生了差异性表达。研究显示,这些差异化表达的基因,大多编码角蛋白或角蛋白辅助蛋白。这些宝贵信息可以帮助人们培育新品种,以获得更柔韧的羊绒。

YangDong,MinXie,YuJiang,NianqingXiao,XiaoyongDu,WenguangZhang,GwenolaTosser-Klopp,JinhuanWang,ShuangYang,JieLiang,WenbinChen,JingChen,PengZeng,YongHou,ChaoBian,ShengkaiPan,YuxiangLi,XinLiu,WenliangWang,BertrandServin,BrianSayre,BinZhu,DeaconSweeney,RichMoore,WenhuiNie,YongyiShen,RuopingZhao,GuojieZhang,JinquanLi,ThomasFaraut,JamesWomack,YapingZhang,JamesKijas,NoelleCockett,XunXu,ShuhongZhao,JunWang&WenWang.Sequencingandautomatedwhole-genomeopticalmappingofthegenomeofadomesticgoat(Caprahircus).NatureBiotechnology,23December2012;doi:10.1038/nbt.2478(21次引用)

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