本文依据玉米不同收获环节的机械使用率，并结合中国的具体情况，将玉米收获方式分为机械摘穗—机械脱粒、人工摘穗—机械脱粒和籽粒收获三种。利用中国5省5县的试验调查数据，分别考察了不同收获方式下各收获环节损失率及收获环节总损失率。研究结果表明，籽粒收获方式的收获环节损失率最高，机械摘穗—机械脱粒收获环节损失率次之，人工摘穗—机械脱粒收获环节损失率最低；中国玉米收获环节损失程度的主要影响因素有玉米品种、摘穗机型、机手熟练度、收获方式和脱粒机型。根据研究结果，得出三点政策启示：改进玉米收获及脱粒机械；提高玉米种植技术；加强机手培训力度。
英文摘要:
The maize harvest mode mainly includes mechanical picking - mechanical threshing, artificial picking - mechanical threshing and combine harvesting in China. This article bases on the experimental data in 5 counties from 5 provinces, the harvesting loss rate under different harvesting mode was measured, and further the maize harvesting loss rate under the different mechanical utilization rate in maize harvesting. The results show that among the three kinds of maize harvesting patterns, the loss rate of combine harvesting is the highest, the mechanical picking - mechanical threshing harvesting is the second and the artificial picking - mechanical threshing is the lowest. The main influencing factors of maize harvesting loss level mainly includes maize varieties, picking machine, operator proficiency, harvesting mode and threshing machine, among them.
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