秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米产量及经济效益的影响
为探讨秸秆不同还田方式对土壤物理性状、玉米生长和产量以及经济效益的影响,采用大区对比试验,设置玉米秸秆覆盖还田(SCR)、旋耕还田(SPR)、翻埋还田(SDPR)和不还田(CK)4种方式,对土壤容重、孔隙度、含水率、玉米根系活力、株高、叶面积、SPAD、干物质重、产量及水分利用效率进行测定和分析。结果表明,和CK相比,秸秆还田使土壤容重下降3.24%~5.76%；孔隙度增加4.08%~5.89%；土壤含水率增加6.43%~10.86%。综合玉米各项生长指标来看,秸秆还田对玉米植株生长发育起到促进作用,且SDPR效果更好。秸秆还田有利于玉米增产和提高水分利用效率(WUE),其中SDPR产量和WUE最高,其次为SPR和SCR,CK最低,SDPR、SPR和SCR较CK分别增产15.14%、9.41%和5.06%；WUE分别提高28.62%、22.67%和18.11%。通过经济效益分析得出,和CK相比,SCR可增收9.09%,SPR和SDPR虽然机械成本有所增加,但产量提高,使净收益分别增加12.60%和15.09%。综合分析认为,针对黑龙江省半干旱区,机械化程度低,小农户小面积种植地区,秸秆覆盖还田是较为理想的还田模式；而机械化程度高、大农户大面积种植地区,采用翻埋还田模式效果更好。
英文摘要:
In order to investigate the effects of different returning methods of straw on soil physical properties, corn growth, yield, and economic benefits, a large area contrast test was conducted with four returning methods of corn straw, which were covering the field with straw(SCR), spinning straw into the soil (SPR), plowing straw deeply into the soil (SDPR) and without straw (CK). Soil bulk density, porosity, water content, corn root vigor, plant height, leaf area, SPAD, dry matter weight, yield and water use efficiency were measured and analyzed. The results showed that comparing with CK, the soil bulk density decreased by 3.24% to 5.76%, the porosity increased by 4.08% to 5.89%, and the soil moisture content increased by 6.43% to 10.86% under straw returning treatments. According to the growth indexes of corn, straw returning could promote the growth and development of corn. And the effect of SDPR was better. Straw returning was conducive to improve corn yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Among four treatments, the yield of SDPR was highest followed by SPR and SCR, and CK at last. Yield of SDPR, SPR and SCR respectively increased by 15.14%, 9.41% and 5.06% than CK, and WUE increased by 28.62%, 22.67% and 18.11%, respectively. Through the analysis of economic benefit, comparing with CK, benefit of SCR increased 9.09%. Although the mechanical cost of SPR and SDPR increased, but their yield improved, so that the net income still increased by 12.60% and 15.09% respectively. Comprehensive analysis results suggest that in the semi arid region of Heilongjiang province with low degree of mechanization and small planting area dominated by small farmers, straw covering the field for returning is the ideal mode. And in a high degree of mechanization with large planting area dominated by large farmers, the plowing mode is better.
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