为改善棕壤区土壤环境,优化耕作方式,培肥土壤。在辽河平原中西部设置2年定点试验,研究了秸秆还田方式对土壤理化性质及玉米产量的影响。结果表明：条带旋耕后10-20cm土层土壤紧实度显著下降(-22.7%)、0-40cm(2016)土壤容重减小(-11.2%、-8%)、总孔隙度增加(+10.7%、9.7%)；条带旋耕明显增加了丰水年(2016)玉米产量(+6.1%)；秸秆还田显著增加了10-20cm土层土壤速效养分含量、提高土壤有机质含量(+21.0%)、降低0-30cm土层土壤容重(-4.1%)、增加其总孔隙度(+4.3%)。秸秆还田改善土壤理化性质,显著提高了玉米产量,其中干旱年(2015)条带旋耕增产效果最为突出(+46.9%)。由于秸秆条带旋耕还田提高了土壤通透性、改善了土壤结构、增强了土壤抗旱能力、提高作物产量,是该地区适宜推广的秸秆还田和耕作组合方式。
英文摘要:
To improve the soil environment in brown soil area, optimize the cultivation mode and fertilizer soil. A 2a field experiment was conducted in brown soil at the experimental station of spring maize in the mid-west of Liao He plain. We investigate the effects of different straw returning matters on mazie yields and soil physical and chemical properties . Our results showed that T2S1 treatment could significantly decreased soil compaction in 10-20cm soil layer(-22.7%), decreased the soil bulk density(2016) in 0-10cm,20-40cm layers(-11.2%、-8%) and increased the total soil porosity (2016) in 0-10cm,20-40cm layers(+10.7%、9.7%). The T2S1 treatment could significantly increased maize yields in rainy year(2016)( +6.1%).Straw returning(T1S1 T2S1) could significantly increased available nutrient in 10-20cm soil layer, increased soil organic matter(+21.0%),decreased soil bulk density in 0-30cm soil layers(-4.1%),increased total soil porosity(+4.3%). Straw returning(T1S1 T2S1) could also significantly increased spring maize yields and the phenomenon of T2S1 treatment on improving spring maize yields in drought year(2015) was most prominent(+46.9%). That is to say, T2S1treatment could improve soil permeability and structure, optimize soil environment. It is helpful for resisting the risk of crop production due to drought so as to improve soil drought resistance and increased spring maize yields. Therefore, the T2S1 treatment was effective straw returning matters in the region.
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