为探索不同施氮量下间作紫花苜蓿对玉米产量性状及白浆土供肥特性的影响,本研究拟通过不同施氮水平的设置(140 kg/hm2、175 kg/hm2、200 kg/hm2和225 kg/hm2),以玉米“二比空”栽培模式为对照(M-N-28、M-N-35、M-N-40和M-N-45),通过CK处理的设置,探索玉米“二比空”间作紫花苜蓿的栽培模式(I-N-28、I-N-35、I-N-40和I-N-45)对玉米产量性状及白浆土碱解氮/全氮、有效磷/全磷和速效钾/全钾的影响。相关结果表明：(1)间作紫花苜蓿虽对玉米株高无显著影响,但通过增加玉米灌浆期展开叶片数、茎粗、单叶叶面积和穗粒数进而提高其产量,其中I-N-45处理对于玉米产量的促进作用最大,其次为I-N-40处理；(2)施氮量为140 kg/hm2、175 kg/hm2和200 kg/hm2时,间作紫花苜蓿可以增加灌浆期玉米对白浆土碱解氮的吸收,而在灌浆期至收获期,白浆土碱解氮含量有所回升,I-N-35处理对其促进程度最为显著；(3)当施氮量为175 kg/hm2或200 kg/hm2时,间作紫花苜蓿可增加白浆土碱解氮与全氮之比,其中I-N-35处理下的增幅最大,增幅为4.0%,而将氮素用量提升至225 kg/hm2时,白浆土碱解氮/全氮的下降趋势有所减缓；(4)当施氮量为140 kg/hm2、200 kg/hm2和225 kg/hm2时,间作紫花苜蓿可使白浆土有效磷/全磷以及速效钾/全钾的比值均有所增加,其中,I-N-45处理下有效磷与全磷之比最大,为6.41%,I-N-40处理更有利于钾素有效性供应,然而,在I-N-35处理影响下,白浆土可利用磷素及钾素所占全量养分的比例均为最低。总体来看,虽然I-N-40在产量、碱解氮/全氮、有效磷/全磷方面皆不是最优处理,但对各项指标都有促进作用,是较为适宜的处理。
英文摘要:
To explore the effect of corn intercropped with Medicago sativa L. on its yield characters and nutrients supplying characteristics of albic soil under the different nitrogen (N) application levels, in this study, through setting the different nitrogen application levels (140 kg/hm2, 175 kg/hm2, 200 kg/hm2 and 225 kg/hm2) , CK treatment and the cultivation model of maize "two-ratio empty" as the control (M-N-28, M-N-35, M-N-40 and M-N-45), the effects of cultivation mode in which maize intercropped with Medicago sativa L. with "two-ratio empty "(I-N-28, I-N-35, I-N-40 and I-N-45) on yield characters of corn and the ratio of alkaline nitrogen to total nitrogen, the ratio of available phosphorus to total phosphorus and the ratio of available potassium to total potassium in albic soil was explored. The results showed that: (1) Intercropping Medicago sativa L. had no significant effect on the height of maize, but increased the yield of maize by increasing the number of leaves, stem diameter, leaf area and number of grains per ear in grain filling stage of maize, and the promotion effect of I-N-45 treatment on maize yield was the highest, followed by I-N-40 treatment. (2) When the amount of nitrogen application was 140 kg/hm2, 175 kg/hm2 and 200 kg/hm2, the intercropping Medicago sativa L. could increase the uptake of alkaline nitrogen in albic soil during grain filling stage of maize, but the content of alkali nitrogen in albic soil increased during the period from grain filling stage to harvest stage, and the promotion degree of I-N-35 treatment was the most significant; (3) When the amount of nitrogen application was 175 kg/hm2 or 200 kg/hm2, the intercropping Medicago sativa L. could increase the ratio of alkaline nitrogen to total nitrogen, and the increasing degree of I-N-35 was the largest which reached 4.0%. While the content of nitrogen increased to 225 kg/hm2, the decreasing trend of alkaline nitrogen/total nitrogen in albic soil was slow; (4) When the amount of nitrogen application was 140 kg/hm2, 200 kg/hm2 and 225 kg/hm2, the intercropping Medicago sativa L. could make the ratio of available phosphorus to total phosphorus and the ratio of available potassium to total potassium in albic soil both increase, among of which, the ratio of phosphorus to total phosphorus was the largest which reached 6.41% under I-N-45 treatment, and I-N-40 treatment was more conducive to supply the availability of potassium. However, under the influence of I-N-35 treatment, the proportion of available phosphorus and potassium accounting for total nutrients in albic soil was the lowest. In general, although I-N-40 was not the optimal treatment in the yield, alkali nitrogen/total nitrogen, available phosphorus/total phosphorus, it had a promotion effect on the various indicators, so it was a appropriate treatment.
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