80份美国解禁玉米自交系与先玉335亲本配合力试验分析
为了分析美国解禁玉米自交系与我国生产中主要应用的种质之间的杂种优势潜力及遗传关系，本研究利用NCII遗传交配设计，以国内目前大面积推广的杂交种先玉335双亲为测验种，对80个美国解禁自交系进行2年配合力试验。结果表明：解禁美国自交系遗传基础丰富，不同杂交组合F1代产量平均相对离差21.96%，收获时与对照均值比较，籽粒含水量较少（-2.5%），穗轴较细（-0.13cm），穗位较低（-2.44cm）。筛选出一般配合力高、综合性状较好的美自交系NS701、PHW03、PHN29、PHP55等；黄淮海试验推荐的对照包括先玉335，郑单958，迪卡5 7，农华101，宇玉30 等5个杂交种以及先玉335和郑单958双亲组配的4个杂交组合；其中迪卡517、宇玉30等新品种表现出早熟、抗逆、易机收等特点。郑58×PH6WC、郑58×PH4CV产量性状和抗倒伏较好。通过美国自交系多点多年适应性鉴定，筛选产量性状一般配合力高、早熟、易机收种质资源，逐渐融入国内育种材料，通过循环育种聚集优良等位基因，实现国内种质改良的创新。
英文摘要:
In order to analyze the potential of heterosis and genetic relationship between the declassified American inbred lines and the main germplasms in China, NCII genetic mating design was used in the study, Xy335 extending in large scale presently was used as a test species. Combining ability test was taken on 80 U.S. declassified inbred lines for 2 years. the results showed that the genetic basis of American inbred lines was abundant, the relative average deviation of F1 hybrids was 21.96%，Comparing with the means of the controls at harvest, the grain moisture content was less (-2.5%), Ear axis diameter was thin(-0.13cm)，the ear height was lower(-2.5cm), Screened out the inbred lines with high GCA and good comprehensive characters which were NS701, PHW03, PHN29 PHP55 etc.
The check varieties recommended in Huang-huai-hai test included Xy335, Zd958, Dk517, Nh101, yuyu30 and the 4 cross combination of the parents of Xy335 and Zd958; Dk517 and yuyu30 new varieties showed early maturity, resistance, easy to machine features. Zheng 58 x PH6WC and Zheng 58 x PH4CV were highlighted in the yield characters and lodging resistance. Through years of adaptive identification with the inbred lines, could screen out germplasm resources with high general combining ability of yield characters, early maturity, easy to mechanized Harvesting , graduately integrating these germplasm resources into the domestic breeding material, gathering the elite alleles by recycling breeding strategy, would greatly make national germplasm improvement and innovation.
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