为了建立吉林省玉米推荐施肥指标体系,指导科学合理施肥,通过总结2004~2014年间课题组在吉林省开展的田间试验以及2005~2013年吉林省玉米“3414”田间肥效和校验试验资料,结果表明,吉林省不同区域玉米的产量分为：高(＞10000 kg/hm2)、中(7500~10000 kg/hm2)、低(＜7500 kg/hm2)三个水平,并且随着玉米产量的增加,玉米植株的养分需求量明显增大,当产量低于7500 kg/hm2时,植株的N、P2O5、K2O的需求量分别为165 kg/hm2、53 kg/hm2、143 kg/hm2；当产量达到10000 kg/hm2以上时,植株的N、P2O5、K2O的需求量分别达到225 kg/hm2、68 kg/hm2、218 kg/hm2；播前0-30cm土层土壤硝态氮含量分级为：＜15 kg/hm2、15-25 kg/hm2、25-30 kg/hm2、30-40 kg/hm2、40-45 kg/hm2、＞45 kg/hm2,对应的不同目标产量基肥施氮量分别为60-90 kg/hm2、50-80 kg/hm2、45-75 kg/hm2、35-65 kg/hm2、30-60 kg/hm2、20-45 kg/hm2；玉米10叶期0-90cm土层土壤硝态氮含量分级为：＜75 kg/hm2、75-90 kg/hm2、90-105 kg/hm2、105-120 kg/hm2、120-135 kg/hm2、＞135 kg/hm2,对应的不同目标产量追肥施氮量分别为120-150 kg/hm2、110-140 kg/hm2、105-135 kg/hm2、95-125 kg/hm2、90-120 kg/hm2、80-110 kg/hm2；建立的土壤速效磷、速效钾丰缺指标为低(160 mg K/kg)4个等级；对应的不同等级不同目标产量磷、钾施用量分别为75-90 kg P2O5/hm2、60-75 kg K2O/hm2,52-68 kg P2O5/hm2、45-60 kg K2O/hm2,38-52 kg P2O5/hm2、0-45 kg K2O/hm2,22-38 kg P2O5/hm2、0-30 kg K2O/hm2。初步建立了结合目标产量,以根层硝态氮调控为核心的总量控制、分期实时、实地精确监控的玉米氮肥推荐施肥指标体系以及基于养分平衡和土壤测试的磷、钾肥恒量监控推荐施肥指标体系,对吉林省玉米合理科学施肥提供一定参考。
英文摘要:
Fertilizer effect and test field experiments of maize from 2004 to 2014 in Jilin Province were conducted in order to establish the index system of recommended fertilization and to guide the scientific and reasonable fertilization. The results showed that maize yield of different zones in Jilin Province were divided into three levels: high level （＞10000 kg/hm2）, middle level （7500~10000 kg/hm2）and low level（＜7500 kg/hm2）, plant nutrient demand increased obviously with the maize yield increasing. Plant nutrient demand of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 165 kg/hm2, 53 kg/hm2 and 143 kg/hm2, respectively, when the maize yield were lower than 7500 kg/hm2; Plant nutrient demand of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were 225 kg/hm2, 68 kg/hm2 and 218 kg/hm2, respectively, when the maize yield were higher than 10000 kg/hm2; The contents of nitrate in 0-30 cm soil layer before planting were divided into six levels, which were ＜15 kg/hm2,15-25 kg/hm2,25-30 kg/hm2,30-40 kg/hm2,40-45 kg/hm2 and＞45 kg/hm2，the nitrogen fertilizer on basal of corresponding target yield were 60-90 kg/hm2,50-80 kg/hm2,45-75 kg/hm2,35-65 kg/hm2,30-60 kg/hm2 and 20-45 kg/hm2; The contents of nitrate in 0-90 cm soil layer in V10 leaf stage were divided into six levels, which were ＜75 kg/hm2,75-90 kg/hm2,90-105 kg/hm2,105-120 kg/hm2,120-135 kg/hm2 and＞135 kg/hm2, the nitrogen fertilizer on topdressing of corresponding target yield were 120-150 kg/hm2, 110-140 kg/hm2, 105-135 kg/hm2, 95-125 kg/hm2, 90-120 kg/hm2 and 80-110 kg/hm2; Soil available phosphorus and potassium index were established and divided into four levels: low （160 mg K/kg）, the nitrogen and potassium fertilizer input of corresponding target yield were 75-90 kg P2O5/hm2 and 60-75 kg K2O/hm2，52-68 kg P2O5/hm2 and 45-60 kg K2O/hm2, 38-52 kg P2O5/hm2 and 0-45 kg K2O/hm2，22-38 kg P2O5/hm2 and 0-30 kg K2O/hm2。Recommended fertilizer index system of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were preliminary established combining with the target yield, total amount control, real-time and accurate monitoring on spot by adjusting nitrate on root, which provided certain references for rational scientific fertilizer on maize in Jilin Province.
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