氮肥减施对京科968与郑单958氮效率及产量的影响
为研究减施氮肥对玉米品种氮效率与产量的影响，试验以郑单958与京科968为材料，在减施氮肥14.3%～28.6%的水平下，比较研究了2个玉米品种氮效率与产量。结果表明：追施氮肥150～180kg/hm2范围内，郑单958产量下降2.39%～4.03%，京科968产量下降1.67%～2.99%。随着施氮量减少，氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用效率，氮肥农学利用效率升高，氮肥表观利用效率、百千克籽粒需氮量降低，而氮收获指数保持基本稳定。适度减施氮肥，可以有效提高玉米生产效率。施氮处理下不同器官的氮转运率与对籽粒的氮贡献率高于不施氮处理，不同器官的氮转运率顺序为穗轴>叶片>苞叶>叶鞘>茎秆；对籽粒的氮贡献率表现为叶片>茎秆>穗轴>叶鞘>苞叶。京科968与郑单958均具有良好的氮肥利用效率。京科968氮收获指数、氮肥偏生产力、氮肥表观利用效率均优于郑单958，氮肥农学利用效率、氮肥利用效率与每生产百千克籽粒吸氮量与郑单958相当。京科968氮吸收效率优于郑单958，具备较好的耐低氮特性。
英文摘要:
In order to research the effect of nitrogen reduction on nitrogen efficiency and yield of maize. Zhengdan958 and Jingke968 were used to study nitrogen efficiency and yield of maize under the condition of reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer from 14.3% to 28.6%. The result showed that in the range of 150~180kg ha-1 after applying nitrogen fertilizer, the yield of Zhengdan958 decreased by 2.39% to 4.03%, and the yield of Jingke968 decreased by 1.67% ~ 2.99%. And the partial factor productivity from applied N (PFPN), N utilization efficiency(NUE) and agronomic efficiency of applied N (AEN) increased, recovery efficiency of applied N (REN) and N requirement for 100 kg grain (NRG) decreased, nitrogen harvest index (NHI) stabled with?the?decreasing?of?nitrogen?amount. Reducing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer properly can effectively improve the efficiency of maize production.The nitrogen translocation rate and nitrogen contribution rate of different organs of maize under?nitrogen?fertilizer were higher than no?nitrogen?application. The order of nitrogen translocation rate of different organs was cob>leaf>bract>leaf sheath>stem. And the nitrogen contribution rate of different organs was leaf>stem>cob>leaf sheath>bract. Both Jingke968 and Zhengdan958 had good nitrogen use efficiency. The NHI, PFPN and REN of Jinke968 were superior to Zhengdan958.The NUE, AEN and NRG of Jingke968 were about the same. The nitrogen absorption efficiency of Jingke968 was superior to Zhengdan958. Jingke968 had good tolerance to low nitrogen.
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