喷雾助剂在烟嘧磺隆减量化防治玉米田杂草中的应用研究
为探讨烟嘧磺隆减量化防治玉米田杂草的使用技术，本研究以表面张力、扩展直径、干燥时间和最大持液量为评价指标，测定了GY-Tmax、GY-T12及GY-S903三种喷雾助剂不同添加量对40克/升烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂药液物理性状的影响。结果表明，三种助剂均能显著降低其药液的表面张力，增加其扩展直径。其中，GY-S903对其影响最大，在添加量为0.03-0.07%条件下，使药液的表面张力从37.3mN/m降低至17.8-18.5mN/m，扩展直径从2.9mm增加至8.3-16.0mm。三种助剂对药液的干燥时间和最大持液量的影响存在显著差异。其中，添加GY-Tmax使药液的干燥时间增加9.6-20.6%，最大持液量增加18.3-27.7%。而添加GY-S903使其干燥时间减少76.6-90.0%，最大持液量降低10.9-19.6%。田间小区试验结果表明，添加0.25-0.75%的GY-Tmax，在保证对玉米田杂草防治效果相当的情况下，烟嘧磺隆用量可减少50%，添加0.03-0.07%的GY-S903及0.3-0.6%的GY-T12可以使烟嘧磺隆用量减少40%。在整个生育期内，未发现40克/升烟嘧磺隆可分散油悬浮剂30g ai/ha添加喷雾助剂各处理对玉米的明显受害症状，其中烟嘧磺隆添加GY-Tmax较30g ai/ha烟嘧磺隆增产6.6-7.6%，增产作用最强。GY-S903对烟嘧磺隆的增产作用与GY-T12相当，较30g ai/ha烟嘧磺隆处理分别增产4.3-7.0%及3.9-7.4%。
英文摘要:
In order to investigate the dose-reduced nicosulfuron control technology of weeds in maize field, surface tension, expanded diameter, drying time and maximum retention were measured to value effects of GY-Tmax, GY-T12 and GY-S903 with different doses on physical characteristics of nicosulfuron. Results indicated that the three different spray adjuvants reduced the surface tension and expanded the diameter of nicosulfuron significantly. When adding 0.03-0.07% GY-S903, the surface tension was decreased from 37.3mN/m to 17.8-18.5mN/m, the diameter was increased from 2.9mm to 8.3-16.0mm. There were significant differences on the effects of drying time and maximum retention of nicosulfuron within the three adjuvants. When adding GY-Tmax, the nicosulfuron drying time was increased 9.6-20.6%, and maximum retention was increased 18.3-27.7%. While adding GY-S903, the drying time and maximum retention were reduced 76.6-90.0% and 10.9-19.6%, respectively. The results of field trial showed that the application of nicosulfuron could be reduced by 50%, 40% and 40% after adding 0.25-0.75% GY-Tmax, 0.03-0.07% GY-S903 and 0.3-0.6% GY-T12. 30g ai/ha nicosulfuron with different spray adjuvants showed no injury on maize. Compared with 30g ai/ha nicosulfuron, adding GY-Tmax can increase the maize yield by 6.6-7.6%. The yield increasing effects were almost the same between GY-S903 and GY-T12, which was 4.3-7.0%.
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