玉米收获时的籽粒含水量是限制籽粒机收的重要因素之一，其中生理成熟期后玉米籽粒的脱水速率是决定其籽粒含水量的主要因子。本研究利用10个在黄淮海有代表性的玉米品种，进行籽粒脱水速率相关性状研究。结果表明，籽粒水分含量与散粉天数、生理成熟天数、穗轴水分、苞叶水分、百粒重及小区产量具有显著的正相关，同籽粒脱水速率呈显著负相关。不同品种所有籽粒脱水性状间均存在显著差异。通径分析结果表明，仅苞叶水分这一性状对籽粒含水量具有显著的正向直接效应。依据籽粒生理成熟期时水分含量把其划分为3种不同脱水类型品种，华美1号和迪卡517为低水分含量品种，桥玉8号、先玉335和宇玉30属于中间类型，而郑单958、伟科702、登海605等品种属于高水分含量品种，不同类型、同一类型不同品种间均具有完全不同的脱水方式。根据本研究结果，提出实现机收籽粒应该重点考虑下面3个重要因素，一是生理成熟期；二是生理成熟后籽粒脱水速率；三是种植密度。
英文摘要:
Maize grain moisture content at harvest time was one of the major factors that limited grain mechanical harvest. Grain dehydration rate after physiological maturity in the main factor to determine grain moisture content. In this study, grain dehydration rate and other related traits of ten maize varieties were investigated. Results showed that grain moisture content had a significant positive correlation with days of anthesis, days of physiological maturity, cob moisture content, bract moisture content, 100-grain weight and grain yield, and had significant negative correlation with grain dehydration rate. There were significant differences among grain dehydration traits within different varieties. Path analysis indicated that only bract moisture content had a positive direct effect on grain moisture content and the value reached significant level. Three dehydration types were classified of the ten varieties according to grain moisture at physiological maturity stage. Huamei 1 and Dika 517 belonged to low moisture type; Qiaoyu 8, Xianyu 335 and Yuyu 30 was intermediate type and Zhengdan958, Weike 702 and Denghai 605 belonged to type with high moisture content. Different types and different varieties from the same type both showed different dehydration way. We also proposed that three important factors for grain mechanical harvest, physiological maturity, grain dehydration rate after maturity and plant density.
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