利用长期定位试验和室内分析相结合的方法研究了不同施肥处理对黑土玉米田土壤中纤维素分解菌数量的影响。试验设不施肥、单施化肥、常量有机肥与化肥配施、休闲4个处理。通过对玉米不同生育期内表层土壤（0-20cm）和亚表层土壤（20-40cm）中好气和嫌气纤维素分解菌数量的测定，分析施肥对土壤纤维素分解菌数量的影响。结果表明，在玉米生长的同一时期，不同施肥条件下（除休闲处理外），表层土壤和亚表层土壤的纤维素分解菌总量和好气性纤维素分解菌数量均表现出一定的规律性，即有机无机配施>单施化肥>不施肥；表层土壤嫌气性纤维素分解菌数量没有明显的规律性，亚表层土壤中除拔节期外有一定的规律性即有机无机配施单施化肥>不施肥；但是休闲处理的微生物数量均大于不施肥处理。施肥可以增加土壤中纤维素分解菌的数量，尤其是化肥与有机肥配合施用更有利于增加土壤纤维素分解菌数量，优化土壤环境，提高土壤肥力。
英文摘要:
The effects of different fertilization treatments on the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganismsin the black soil were studied by long-term location test and laboratory analysis. The experiment was divided into 4 treatments: no fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, organic-chemical fertilizer, and fallow. Based on the determination of the number of aerobic and anaerobic cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in surface soil (0-20cm) and subsurface soil (20-40cm) during different stages of maize growth, the effects of fertilization on the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in soil were analyzed. The results show that in the same period of maize growth under different fertilization conditions (except fallow treatment), the amount of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms and aerobic cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in surface and subsurface soil showed certain regularity, namely the effect of treatments in the order of organic-chemical fertilizer>chemical fertilizer>no fertilizer. Although anaerobic cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in surface soil has no obvious regularity, subsurface soil except during jointing stage of maize has a certain regularity, and in the order of organic-chemical fertilizer>chemical fertilizer > no fertilizer. As a whole microorganisms for fallow treatment were greater than no fertilizer treatment. As a result, Fertilization can increase the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms in soil, especially it is more conducive to increase the number of cellulose-decomposing microorganisms while optimize the soil environment and improve soil fertility when apply organic-chemical fertilizer.
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