研究不同缓效氮添加比例下对山西晋北区域盐碱土壤中玉米生长、氮素利用及土壤pH的影响，以期找出并验证适合该区域玉米生产的最适缓效氮添加比例。以春玉米‘大丰30’和缓效氮源‘硫包膜尿素’为试验材料，采取盆栽方式，设不施氮为对照，研究缓效氮不同添加比例[67%缓效氮、50%缓效氮、33%缓效氮、25%缓效氮、0%缓效氮]下缓效氮的释放速率，春玉米干物质积累量、吸氮量、氮素利用率及产量，土壤pH值的动态变化。结果表明，配施缓效氮能有效提高玉米对氮素的利用，增加产量。随着缓效氮添加比例的增加，玉米干物质积累量、吸氮量及产量均呈现出先增加后减少的趋势，其中添加33%缓效氮处理为最优处理。添加33%缓效氮处理中缓效氮累积释放率和玉米对氮素的吸收规律更加吻合；和普通尿素处理相比，产量增加73.83%，成熟期玉米地上部吸氮量和干物质积累量分别增加15.40%和20.10%，地下部吸氮量和干物质重分别增加21.11%和13.09%；配施缓效氮显著提高了玉米的氮素利用率，其中缓效氮添加比例为33%和50%处理分别比普通尿素处理提高14.76%和12.46%；包膜硫磺对盐碱地土壤pH值有降低作用，尤其在玉米播种后10d对0-20cm土壤的pH降低效果明显。综上，在大田盆栽试验条件下，山西晋北区域玉米高氮缓释肥中以添加33%硫包尿素更能满足玉米全生育期对养分的需求，且利于氮素利用率的提高及土壤环境的改善。
英文摘要:
To optimize the proportion of this new fertilizer, the ratio of the release-slow nitrogen is the key. The objective of the study was to explore the effect of different proportion of the release-slow（Sulfur coated urea）nitrogen on maize（Da-feng30）growth, nitrogen utilization and soil pH in the saline soils of northern Shanxi Province, and to recommend the appropriate proportion of release-slow nitrogen under the special fertilizer of maize. A potted experiment was conducted in 2015. A split-plot design with fifteen replicates was adopted where the main plot factor was the proportion of the release-slow nitrogen. There were 5 levels of the proportion of the release-slow nitrogen [67%、50%、33%、25% and 0%], no nitrogen as CK. Release rate of the release-slow nitrogen, biomass, nitrogen uptake, nitrogen use efficiency, yields and the dynamic changes of soil pH of spring maize were investigated. The results showed that maize yield and using of nitrogen has increased by combining with the release-slow nitrogen. The dry matter accumulation, nitrogen uptake and yield of maize increased following an increase of the proportion of release-slow nitrogen, it was the best treatment when the proportion of release-slow nitrogen came to the 33%. In the treatment of 33% release-slow nitrogen, the cumulative release rate of release-slow nitrogen was consistent with the absorption of nitrogen in maize. Compared with the treatment with urea, the yield increased by 73.83%, the aboveground nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation were increased by 15.40% and 20.10% after the harvested, respectively. The nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation of the roots were increased by 21.11% and 13.09% in the harvest, respectively. The nitrogen use efficiency of maize was significantly increased by combined application of release-slow nitrogen, with 33% and 50% treatment was better than any others, they were 14.76% and 12.46% higher than that of ordinary urea treatment, respectively. The coats of the release-slow nitrogen that it is sulfer made the function of reducing the pH of the soil which maize grown on it. After 10 days of sowing, it can reduce efficiently pH of the saline soil especially in 0-20cm. In conclusion, under the field condition of the experiment using pot, it was the best treatment that 33% release-slow nitrogen addition in the high-nitrogen slow-release fertilizer of maize in north region of Shanxi Province, which could meet the requirement of nutrient during whole growth period of maize, and has efficiently improved the nitrogen utilization rate and made the soil environment more comfortable.
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