调控水稻株高和产量的新基因

水稻株高是非常重要的农艺性状，严重影响着产量大小。中国农科院作物所赵涛团队利用大规模转录因子杂交法获得了一个新的调控株高的MYB类转录因子OsMPH1。超表达OsMPH1导致水稻株高增加，产量提升；而抑制表达会表现出相反的结果。茎部纵切电镜观察发现株高的增加是节间细胞伸长的结果。RNA-seq数据揭示出细胞伸长和细胞壁合成相关的基因表达上的变化。这些结果深化了我们对株高发育调控的理解，并为改良水稻株高和产量提供了新的途径。

PLoS One. 12(7): e0180825. 2017 Jul 14;
OsMPH1 regulates plant height and improves grain yield in rice
Author
Zhang Y, Yu C, Lin J……Huang A, Li H, Zhao T*.
*: Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, China.
Abstract
Plant height is a major trait affecting yield potential in rice. Using a large-scale hybrid transcription factor approach, we identified the novel MYB-like transcription factor OsMPH1 (MYB-like gene of Plant Height 1), which is involved in the regulation of plant height in rice. Overexpression of OsMPH1 leads to increases of plant height and grain yield in rice, while knockdown of OsMPH1 leads to the opposite phenotypes. Microscopy of longitudinal stem sections indicated that a change in internode cell length resulted in the change in plant height. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis of transgenic rice lines showed that multiple genes related to cell elongation and cell wall synthesis, which are associated with plant height and yield phenotypes, exhibited an altered expression profile. These results imply that OsMPH1 might be involved in specific recognition and signal transduction processes related to plant height and yield formation, providing further insights into the mechanisms underlying the regulation of plant height and providing a candidate gene for the efficient improvement of rice yield.

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