本研究以辽宁锦州农田试验站为研究地点,依托2015年田间分期播种试验,通过分析玉米植株生长发育和生理特征的数据,揭示了干旱胁迫及补水对不同播期和不同发育期的影响。试验表明：(1)干旱胁迫对吐丝期的影响大于抽雄期,造成抽雄日期比正常年份推迟1-14d,吐丝日期推迟5-23d,抽雄、吐丝间隔日数增加为3-15d。抽雄-吐丝期遇干旱胁迫,最多可造成24.03%的植株未抽雄、37.3%的植株抽雄后未吐丝、49.21%的植株未正常发育。(2)干旱胁迫对玉米植株的光合性能起抑制作用,对抽雄-吐丝期的影响大于拔节期。(3)干旱胁迫抑制植株茎杆的生长,同时加速了叶片的枯萎,对抽雄-吐丝期的影响大于拔节期,不仅阻碍茎杆营养物质的累积,还抑制了营养物质从茎杆向果实转移的生理过程。最终对干物质的分配上造成叶重和茎重比例增加,穗重比例减少。(4)干旱胁迫对玉米果穗性状的影响整体是不利的,并且对各播期都造成了大幅减产,早播播期(影响抽雄-吐丝期)损失严重,晚播播期(影响拔节期)损失相对较小。(5)补水条件下的各播期玉米植株都能够正常的生长发育,发育期、植株性状和干物质分配等数据与正常年份接近。
英文摘要:
In this study,taking Jinzhou field experiment station in Liaoning as study site,showed the influence of drought stress and water-recharge to the different sowing date and growth period by field experiment on stage sowing in 2015 and analyzing the growth and physiological characteristics of maize.The results shows:(1)Effects of drought stress on silking stage is more serious than the effect of tasseling stage,caused tasseling date than normal year delayed 1-14d, silking date postponed 5-23d, tasseling, silking interval days increased to 3-15d,the drought stress at tasseling-silking stage may cause up to 24.03% failed to tassel,37.9% failed to silk after tassel and 49.21% can’t be growth normally.(2)Drought stress may inhibit the photosynthetic traits of maize and influence tasseling-silking stage more than jointing stage.(3)Drought stress inhibit the growth of stems as well as accelerate the fade of leaf and influence tasseling-silking stage more than jointing stage.Not only inhibit the accumulation of nutrients in stems,but also the transportation of nutrients from stems to gains.Finally effect on the distribution of dry matter,caused the proportion of leaf weight and stem weight increased, and the proportion of panicle weight decreased. (4)Drought stress is unfavorable to maize ear characteristics,and lead to yield decreased significantly in each sowing date,the damages in early-sowing date (tasseling-silking stage)is more than late-sowing date( jointing stage).(5)Maize at various sowing date in the water-recharge situation can be growth normally and growth period,plant characteristics and dry matter distribution and so on is nearly to the normal age.
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