Science Bulletin:中科院南京土壤所冯有智研究组发现古梯田水稻土

摘要 : 近日，《Science Bulletin》杂志在线发表了中国科学院南京土壤研究所研究员冯有智研究组和中国科学院地球化学研究所李世杰课题组合作的一篇研究论文，研究发现古梯田水稻土微生物或许记录了自然和历史事件。

近日，《science Bulletin》杂志在线发表了中国科学院南京土壤研究所研究员冯有智研究组和中国科学院地球化学研究所李世杰课题组合作的一篇研究论文，研究发现古梯田水稻土微生物或许记录了自然和历史事件。

古梯田水稻土的年代序列是研究古气候和古环境变化下稻作农业兴衰的良好材料。目前此类历史事件的构建多依赖古土壤的理化性质，少有涉及其中封存的微生物信息。微生物是土壤发生发育的重要参与者，并敏感响应于全球气候变化和人类活动。研究人员推测古梯田水稻土中封存的微生物信息可以成为还原古气候、古环境和人类农业活动相互作用过程的代用指标。

研究组利用广西龙脊古梯田已形成的年代序列，采用高通量测序技术，研究了自元末明初以来630年间产甲烷古菌群落的演替规律。研究表明，稻田产甲烷古菌的数量、多样性和群落结构和多个理化代用指标密切相关，并随耕作方式与过程呈现相同的变化规律。百年和十年尺度的中世纪小冰川期、太平天国起义和自然灾害等事件对当地稻田耕作的影响均能反映在产甲烷古菌群落多样性的变化上。这种高度的相关性表明古土壤中封存的微生物信息可作为环境考古学研究中新的代用指标，并有望纳入环境考古学研究的常规研究范畴中。


630年的龙脊古梯田年代序列土壤中产甲烷古菌群落的演替规律

原文链接：

Chronosequencing methanogenic archaea in ancient Longji rICE terraces in China

原文摘要：

Chronosequences of ancient rice terraces serve as an invaluable archive for reconstructions of historical human-environment interactions. Presently, however, these reconstructions are based on traditional soil physico-chemical properties. The microorganisms in palaeosols have been unexplored. We hypothesized that microbial information can be used as an additional proxy to complement and consolidate archaeological interpretations. To test this hypothesis, the palaeoenvironmental methanogenic archaeal DNA in Longji Terraces, one of the famous ancient terraces in China, dating back to the late Yuan Dynasty (AD 1361-1406), was chronosequenced by high-throughput sequencing. It was found that the methanogenic archaeal abundance, diversity and community composition were closely associated with the 630 years of rice cultivation and in line with changes in multi-proxy data. Particularly, the centennial- and decadal-scale influences of known historical events, including social turbulences (The Taiping Rebellion, AD 1850-1865), palaeoclimate changes (the Little Ice Age) and recorded natural disasters (earthquakes and inundation), on ancient agricultural society were clearly echoed in the microbial archives as variations in alpha and beta diversity. This striking correlation suggests that the microorganisms archived in palaeosols can be quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed to provide an additional proxy, and palaeo-microbial information could be routinely incorporated in the toolkit for archaeological interpretation.

doi:10.1016/j.scib.2017.05.024

作者：冯有智

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