降水量与施磷量对黑土区玉米产量及磷素吸收利用的影响
在自然降水条件下,采用滴灌补水措施,模拟自然降水,研究不同降水量及施磷量对黑土区玉米产量、磷素吸收积累及磷肥利用率的影响。试验共设置水(W)和磷(P)两个因素,其中水(W)为四个水平：W0(自然降水条件)、W1(自然降水+50mm)、W2(自然降水+100mm)、W3(自然降水+200mm)；磷(P)为五个水平：P0(不施磷)、P1(55 kg/hm2)、P2(110 kg/hm2)、P3(220 kg/hm2)、P4(330 kg/hm2)。结果表明：1)降水量及施磷量的增加会增加玉米植株干物质量的积累,进而促进玉米产量的形成。施磷量较降水量对玉米产量的影响更为显著,适量的降水量与施磷量有利于玉米产量的增加；各处理中以W3P3处理产量最高,达13914 kg/hm2,各处理随施磷量的增加,磷肥利用率降低,而随降水量的增加而增加。2)玉米植株磷素积累在同一降水条件下,随施磷量的增加呈现增加后减小的趋势,适磷条件下,适宜降水量可显著提高玉米植株磷素积累量。综上,本试验条件下得出,W3P2处理为最优处理,即在当年降水量为508mm时,玉米产量可达13119 kg/hm2,磷肥利用效率也达最高,达19.7%。
英文摘要:
Under the condition of natural precipitation, the drip irrigation water supply was used to simulate the natural precipitation, and the effects of different precipitation and P application rate on the yield, P uptake and accumulation and the utilization ratio of phosphate fertilizer in black soil were studied. The experiments were set up in water (W) and phosphorus (P) two factors, and water (W) include four levels: W0 (natural precipitation), W1 (natural precipitation +50mm), W2 (natural precipitation+100mm), W3 (natural precipitation+200mm); phosphorus (P) include five levels: P0 (no P), P1 (55 kg/hm2), P2 (110 kg/hm2), P3 (220 kg/hm2), P4 (330 kg/hm2). The results showed that: (1) the increase of precipitation and the amount of P fertilizer increased the accumulation of dry matter and the formation of maize yield. Effects of phosphorus application amount on the yield of maize is more significant than precipitation, proper precipitation and phosphorus application can increase the yield of maize; the treatment W3P3 which yield reached 13914 kg/hm2 was the highest among all treatments, the utilization of phosphorus fertilizer decreased with the increase of phosphorus application and increased with the increase of precipitation. 2) under the same precipitation condition, the phosphorus accumulation in maize plants increased and then decreased with the increase of P application amount, under the condition of proper P application, proper precipitation can significantly increase the P accumulation of maize. In summary, under this experimental conditions, W3P2 treatment is the optimal treatment, namely in the year of precipitation is 508mm, the corn yield reached 13119 kg/hm2, P fertilizer use efficiency also reached the highest, up to 19.7%.
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