为明确新的耕作栽培制度和气候变暖条件下吉林省玉米苗期害虫种类、分布及发展趋势，2014-2016年对吉林省9个地市，44个县（市/区），累计424个地点的玉米苗期害虫进行了系统调查。调查发现吉林省玉米苗期害虫有20余种，隶属5个目13个科，其中鳞翅目和鞘翅目种类最多，共涉及8个科16种害虫，占害虫种类的70%以上。新发现吉林省玉米苗期害虫3种。蛴螬和金针虫是苗期主要害虫，平均有虫田率分别为24.90%和27.76%，有虫田率从西部到东部递减，有虫田被害株率中部平原区高于西部和东部地区，随着吉林省玉米长年连作和秸秆还田、免耕等新耕作方式的推广，这2种害虫的发生数量和为害程度有逐年加重的趋势。其余害虫有虫田率均在5.00%以下，尚未对玉米生产造成威胁。本研究结果为制定合理的玉米苗期害虫防治策略和监测预警机制提供科学依据。
英文摘要:
To determine the maize seedling insect pest species, distribution and occurrence trend under the new cultivation system and climate warming conditions in Jilin province, maize seedling pests were systematically investigated in 9 cities, 44 countries (towns or districts), total 424 investigation sites of Jilin province from 2014 to 2016. The result showed that there were more than 20 seedling pest species belonging to 5 orders and 13 families in Jilin province, in which Lepidoptera and Coleoptera pests were common, involving 16 species in 8 families, accounting for more than 70% of pest species. Additionally, there were 3 maize seedling pests newly discovered in Jilin province. Furthermore, the average pest field rates of white grubs and wireworms, the main seedling pests, were 24.90% and 27.76% respectively, which reduced from western region to eastern region, nevertheless the damaged maize plant rates in the middle region was higher than that in western and eastern region, and increased year by year. With the continuous cropping of maize and implementation of new cultivation measures such as straw application and no tillage, the number and damage degree of the main seedling pests white grubs and wireworms were increasing year by year. The average pest field rates of other insect pests were all below 5.00%, not yet threating maize production. The result of our investigation provided scientific basis for reasonable integrated pest management of maize seedling and monitoring and forecasting mechanisms.
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