以山西省1996-2015年间在生产上大面积推广应用的玉米品种为材料,研究这20年间主推品种的农艺性状与产量的变化趋势,以期为将来的玉米新品种选育工作提供理论参考。选取这20年间大面积推广的品种16个,种植在山西农科院谷子研究所试验地,随机区组设计,三次重复。考察株高、穗位高、穗株比、穗长、穗粗、穗行数、行粒数、秃尖长、雌雄穗开花间隔时间(ASI)、收获时含水量、千粒重和产量这些指标。对所有品种的农艺性状和产量进行方差分析,同时对农艺性状与产量间的相关性进行分析。根据每个年代的各农艺性状、产量的平均值进行回归分析,研究农艺性状与产量随年代的变化趋势。本研究结果表明：山西省20年间主推玉米品种的千粒重和产量随年代的演变总体呈上升趋势；株高、穗位高、穗株比、秃尖长、雌雄穗开花间隔时间,收获时含水量是随年代的演变呈逐渐下降的趋势；穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数随年代的变化无明显的变化趋势。
英文摘要:
The experiment materials were the varieties released from 1996-2015 with large area application in the production. The trend of agronomic traits and yield of maize varieties released extensively in different eras in Shanxi was studied in recent twenty years. The result will be useful for guiding the genetic improvement of new variety breeding of maize. Sixteen cultivars extended in recent twenty years at large scale were selected. All the varieties were planted in the Millet Research Institute experimental field, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences .Each cultivar was 3 replications, randomized block design.Plant heigh, ear height, ratio of ear and plant height, ear length, ear diameter, ear rows, kernels per row,barrenness rate,anthesis-silking interval(ASI)S,water content,1000 kernels weight and grain yield were observed after harvest.ANOVA analysis was made for the agronomic traits and grain yield. The correlation between the agronomic traits and grain yield was analyzed. Base on the regression analysis on the mean value of agronomic traits and yield, the trend of them was studied. This study indicates that the 1000 kernels weight and grain yield of the maize cultivars released extensively increased gradually in 20 years in recent twenty years of Shanxi.But the plant heigh, ear height, ratio of ear and plant height, barrenness rate,anthesis-silking interval and water content decreased gradually with the decades. The ear length, ear diameter, ear rows and kernels per row haven"t changed obviously.
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