秸秆还田与施氮肥对松嫩平原玉米氮素吸收及产量的影响
摘要：松嫩平原是我国玉米主要产区，秸秆大量剩余导致露天焚烧污染环境，秸秆还田成为玉米生产的主要问题。本试验针对松嫩平原玉米生产特点，设置了玉米秸秆不还田、秸秆还田两种条件和三个施氮水平，研究了秸秆还田与施氮肥对松嫩平原玉米氮素吸收及产量的影响。结果表明，试验的玉米取样时期中，除收获期玉米植株氮素含量变化规律不明显外，其余时期玉米植株氮素含量、干物质量、氮积累量及产量皆随氮肥用量的增加而增加。在玉米三叶期供试的三个施氮水平下，秸秆还田均使玉米氮素的含量和吸收积累量降低；至拔节期秸秆还田对玉米植株氮素含量的不利影响消失了，而且在不施氮肥条件下，秸秆还田提高了拔节期玉米植株氮素的含量；但玉米的氮素吸收积累量在不施氮肥条件下仍然低于秸秆不还田处理。在玉米收获期，秸秆还田增加了玉米籽粒的氮素含量与氮素吸收积累量；在三个施氮水平下，秸秆还田处理的产量与秸秆不还田处理差异不显著，说明当年秸秆还田对玉米增产作用不大。
英文摘要:
Abstract: Songnen Plain is the main producing areas of maize, Burning a lot of surplus straw lead to environmental pollution ,straw returning have became one of the major problems of maize production. According to the characteristics of maize production in Songnen Plain, Set the maize no-straw returning, straw returning two kinds of conditions and three nitrogen rates, studying the effect of straw returning and nitrogen rate on Nitrogen absorption and maize yield. The result showed that except nitrogen content of maize plant in harvest period was not obvious, the remaining period of maize plant nitrogen content, dry matter, nitrogen accumulation and yield were increased with the increase of the nitrogen fertilizer. Straw returning reduced the content of nitrogen and accumulation of maize under three nitrogen rates at trilobites period; The adverse effects of straw returning on the nitrogen content of maize plants at jointing period were eliminated, Straw returning to field increased the nitrogen content of maize in jointing period in the no nitrogen fertilizer condition; But the amount of nitrogen absorption and accumulation of maize was still lower than that of no-straw returning in the no nitrogen fertilizer condition. Straw returning increased the nitrogen content and nitrogen uptake and accumulation of maize grain in harvest period; There was no significant difference between the straw returning and the no-straw returning treatment of maize yield under three nitrogen rates, indicating that straw returning has little effect on maize yield.
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