夏玉米不同粒位蛋白质组分氮素效应及与籽粒脱水的关系
为明确籽粒脱水与蛋白质组分和氮素施用的关系,本研究从蛋白质粒位差异的角度,以不同自然脱水类型玉米品种为材料,分析不同氮肥运筹处理下不同部位籽粒蛋白质组分含量、籽粒脱水速率。结果表明,脱水速率差异较大的品种总蛋白质存在较大差异,蠡玉16和先玉335品种总蛋白质含量分别为11.25%、12.16%,醇谷比蠡玉16明显高于先玉335；粒位间差异较小,两个品种下部和中部籽粒蛋白质含量略高于上部籽粒；增施氮肥,可明显增加蛋白质含量,H55处理较N0处理先玉335品种上、中、下部位分别增加了3.49、1.83、1.71个百分点,蠡玉16分别增加了4.65、2.15、2.47个百分点,增施氮肥后上部籽粒蛋白质含量增幅大于中部和下部籽粒；增施氮肥主要增加了醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白含量,清蛋白和球蛋白含量影响较小；先玉335和蠡玉16生理成熟前后脱水速率分别为1.10、0.77、1.11、0.69百分点.天-1,可见最终脱水差异较大的两个品种的日均脱水差异主要是在生理成熟期之后,增施氮肥生理成熟后不同处理间脱水速率存在显著差异；不同蛋白质组分和脱水速率之间存在密切关系,尤其是先玉335品种,生理成熟后不同部位间蛋白质组分,尤其是醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白与脱水速率呈显著或极显著负相关关系；醇谷比与籽粒脱水呈正相关关系。氮素对玉米蛋白质组分和脱水速率的影响均存在粒位效应,生理成熟后醇溶蛋白和谷蛋白与籽粒脱水之间存在密切关系,籽粒蛋白质醇谷比与脱水呈正相关关系。
英文摘要:
To clarify the relationship between maize dehydration and protein component as well as nitrogenous fertilizer application, from the perspective of the difference of protein grain position effect, different types of natural dehydration maize cultivars as material, to analysis the protein component content, grain dehydration rate of different parts of the grain after flowering. The results show that there is a big difference between the different varieties of dehydration rate of total protein, Liyu 16 and Xianyu 335 varieties of total protein content were 11.25%, 12.16%, alcohol valley ratio Liyu 16 was significantly higher than that of Xianyu 335. The grain position difference was small, and the protein content in the lower and middle part of the two varieties was slightly higher than that in the upper part. Increasing nitrogen fertilizer application can significantly increase the protein content, H55 treatment compared with the N0 treatment of Xianyu 335, different positions were increased by 3.49, 1.83 and 1.71 percentage points, Liyu 16 were increased by 4.65, 2.15 and 2.47 percentage points, the nitrogen after upper grain protein content was larger than the middle and the lower part of grain. Nitrogen fertilization mainly increased gliadin and glutenin content, has little effect on albumin and globulin content. Xianyu 335 and Liyu 16 physiological maturity and dehydration rate were 1.10, 0.77, 1.11 and 0.69 percentage points one day, average daily dehydration dehydrating difference of the visible difference between the two varieties of larger mainly after physiological maturity, nitrogen physiological maturity among different treatments of dehydration rate have significant difference. There is a close relationship between different protein components and dehydration rate, especially the first 335 varieties of jade, after physiological maturity in different parts of the protein components, especially gliadin and glutenin and dehydration rate were significant or extremely significant negative correlation; valley ratio correlated with grain alcohol dehydration positive relationship. There are effects of nitrogen on maize grain protein components and dehydration rate after physiological maturity, there is a close relationship between gliadin and glutelin and grain dehydration, grain protein and positive relationship between dehydration and alcohol valley ratio.
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