Plant Physiol:中科院东北地理所冯献忠研究组发表大豆株型遗传控
2017年3月23日，国际植物学顶级期刊《plant Physiology》杂志上在线发表了中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所冯献忠研究组题为“GmILPA1, Encoding an anaphase-promoting complex-like Protein, affects Leaf Petiole Angle”的研究论文。东北地理所博士高金珊为论文第一作者，冯献忠研究员、杨素欣研究员和教授马渐新为论文通讯作者。
理想株型是现代作物品种重要的代表性农艺性状。大豆叶柄夹角影响冠层结构、光合作用效率，并最终影响产量，是大豆重要农艺性状之一;但调控叶柄夹角的调控机制尚不明确。中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所大豆分子设计育种重点实验室研究人员与中国农科院和“大豆分子设计育种”创新国际团队的国外专家一起，鉴定并分离了控制大豆叶枕发育调控叶柄夹角的GmILPA1基因，这一发现对于利用调控大豆叶柄夹角、培育和设计理想大豆株型具有重要的理论指导价值。
研究通过分析大豆叶柄夹角增大的Gmilpa1突变体，鉴定并分离了控制大豆叶柄夹角的GmILPA1基因。该基因编码APC8-like蛋白，可以与GmAPC13a直接相互作用，通过APC复合体行驶功能。研究发现伽马射线诱变导致GmILPA1基因第4外显子及侧翼序列缺失，突变体叶枕发育异常、叶柄夹角增大(如图);GmILPA1基因主要在叶原基基部细胞表达，通过促进细胞增殖及分化控制叶枕的形态构成。该研究不仅首次揭示了调控大豆叶枕结构调控叶柄夹角的遗传机制，而且证明在不同大豆品种中，GmILPA1基因表达水平越高，叶柄夹角越小，两者呈显著负相关。相关研究成果对于通过优化叶柄夹角，改良大豆株型具有重要意义。
图：GmILPA1基因突变导致大豆叶枕发育异常，导致叶片夹角增大。A菏豆12野生型大豆叶枕。BGmipla1突变体叶枕。CGmILPA1基因表达水平增加与叶柄夹角呈显著负相关。
原文链接：
GmILPA1, Encoding an APC8-like Protein, Controls Leaf Petiole Angle in Soybean
原文摘要：
Leaf petiole angle is an important plant architectural trait that affects canopy coverage, photosynthetic efficiency, and ultimately productivity in many legume crops. However, the genetic basis underlying this trait remains unclear. Here, we report the identification, isolation, and functional characterization of Glycine max Increased Leaf Petiole Angle 1 (GmILPA1), a gene encoding an APC8-like protein, that is a subunit of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) in soybean. A gamma ray-induced deletion of a fragment involving the 4th exon of GmILPA1 and its flanking sequences led to extension of the 3rd exon and formation of a novel 3'UTR from intronic and intergenic sequences. Such changes are responsible for enlarged leaf petiole angles that are associated with reduced motor cell proliferation in the Gmilpa1 mutant. GmILPA1 is mainly expressed in the basal cells of leaf primordia and appears to function by promoting cell growth and division of the pulvinus that is critical for its establishment. GmILPA1 directly interacts with GmAPC13a as part of the putative anaphase-promoting complex. GmILPA1 exhibits variable expression levels among varieties with different degrees of leaf petiole angles, and expression levels are correlated with the degrees of the leaf petiole angles. Together, these observations revealed a genetic mechanism modulating plant petiole angle that could pave the way for modifying soybean plant architecture with optimized petiole angles for enhanced yield potential.
作者：冯献忠
