有机无机肥配施对土壤硝态氮、玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响
通过田间定位试验，等氮量条件下，研究100%有机肥（T1）、30%有机肥+70%无机肥（T2）、20%有机肥+80%无机肥（T3）、100%无机肥（T4）和不施肥（CK）对玉米各生育期0-90cm土层硝态氮含量、玉米产量和氮素利用率的影响。结果表明，施肥均可增加各土层硝态氮含量，并随生育期，表层硝态氮有下移趋势，成熟期最明显，其中T4的31-90cm土层分别比CK、T3、T1和T2高出96.9%、39.1%、36.1%和17.8%；苗期和灌浆期的0-90cm土层硝态氮累积量与产量相关系数分别为0.925*和0.904*，而拔节期达到0.997**，此时T2和T3供氮能力较强；T3、T2、T4和T1的增产率分别达138.76%、131.93%、117.28%和71.73%，其中T3和T2高产并稳产，可最大限度提高氮肥利用率，明显降低环境污染风险。综合来看，有机无机肥配施是较为合理的施肥模式，且配比以20%:80%最佳。
英文摘要:
In this study, field location experiments were conducted under the condition of the same amount of nitrogen to explore the effects of 100% organic fertilizer (T1), 30% organic fertilizer+ 70% inorganic fertilizer (T2), 20% organic fertilizer+ 80% inorganic fertilizer (T3), 100% inorganic fertilizer (T4) and no fertilizer (CK) on nitrate accumulation of NO3－ for critical growth period of maize in soil profile 0-90cm, the maize yield and the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Results showed that applying fertilizer could improve the content of NO3－ of 3 layers, and the nitrate of topsoil showed a downward trend with the growth period, especially mature period, at which 31-90 cm soil layer of T4 was 96.9%, 39.1%, 36.1% and 17.8% higher than CK, T3, T1 and T2 respectively; The correlation coefficients of seedling and filling stage between corn yield and the NO3－ accumulation of 0-90 cm layer were 0.925* and 0.904* individually, while elongation stage was 0.997**, and T2 and T3 had stronger ability in providing nitrogen for maize than others meanwhile; Compared with CK, the yield of T3, T2, T4 and T1 increased by 138.76%, 131.93%, 117.28% and 71.73% separately, among them, T3 and T2 could guarantee or stabilize yields, besides, they had maximized the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer with lowering the risk of environmental pollution. Together these factors, organic manure combined with inorganic fertilizer is the proper mode of fertilization, and the best ratio is 20% : 80%.
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