中科院专家研制成功土壤修复新型材料

记者从中科院合肥物质科学研究院了解到，该院技术生物与农业工程研究所专家研制成功一种新型纳米复合材料，能够高效抓取和转化酸性土壤中的有害重金属离子，且亩均成本不超过30元。

这项研究成果近期发表在美国化学会的绿色化学领域核心期刊《美国化学会可持续化学与工程》（ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering）上。

世界上约30％的不冻土都是酸性土壤，不仅造成农业减产，还会激活重金属离子，加剧重金属对人体的危害和对环境的污染，是我国乃至世界农业和环境领域亟待解决的关键问题。

据了解，目前土壤修复常规处理方法有植物修复和化学修复两种，但存在成本高、周期长、效率低等缺陷，且治标不治本，这也是制约酸性土壤和重金属污染治理的关键技术瓶颈。

中科院合肥物质科学研究院技术生物所吴正岩研究员课题组研制出一种复合纳米材料，将黏土、生物炭等天然材料复配，使其由聚集态变为松散态的网状结构，既能将土壤ph值提升至接近中性，又能够高效地富集和抓取土壤中的有害重金属元素，同时还能将“六价铬”等有害元素转化为安全元素“三价铬”。

据介绍，这种新型的土壤修复材料亩均成本只有10元至30元，修复过程直接融入耕种流程之中，不仅使用便捷，相比传统修复方法效率也大幅提高，并且可以制作成粉剂、液体、颗粒等各种形式。专家表示，该材料应用前景广阔，明年有望实现量产。（来源：新华社 杨丁淼）

Remediation of Cr(VI)-Contaminated Acid Soil Using a Nanocomposite

Abstract In this work, an acid soil remediation agent (ASRA) was developed based on a nano composite composed of anhydrous sodium carbonate (ASC), attapulgite (ATP), and straw ash-based biochar and biosilica (BCS), wherein ASC was supported by ATP, and the resulting ASC-ATP was loaded into the micro/nano pores of BCS. ASRA with a porous nanonetworks structure could efficiently inhibit the loss of Ca2+ and increase the pH of the acid soil. Meanwhile, it was shown that the ASRA was effective on acid soil in both lateral and vertical directions. Additionally, because of the pH improvement and the adsorption capacity, ASRA could significantly decrease the migration and contamination of hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)). Additionally, the pot experiment proved that ASRA could effectively reduce the uptake of Cr(VI) by corn, and exhibit a positive effect on the height, chlorophyll content in the leaves and the root length of corn. Therefore, this work may provide a fundamental and facile method on the remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated acid soil.

原文链接：http://pubs.acs.org/doi/ipdf/10.1021/acssuschemeng.6b02569