控释氮肥对东北春玉米产量及土壤-作物体系内氮素平衡的影响
2013-2015年，在黑龙江省宾县黑土上，采用定位试验方法开展控释氮肥对春玉米产量、效益及氮素平衡影响的研究。试验结果表明，所有施氮处理与不施氮肥（CK）比较，玉米平均增产41.2%,玉米地上部植株氮素吸收量平均增加62.9kg/hm2,土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余增加148.4kg/hm2。100%控释氮肥基施(CRU100%B)与100%普通速效氮肥基施(BU100%B)比较，平均增产5.1%，玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加6.6%，氮肥表观利用率平均提高2.4个百分点，氮肥农学效率平均提高2.0kg/kg，土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-10.2kg/hm2；60%控释氮肥与40%速效氮肥混合一次性施用(40%BU+60%CRUB) 与普通速效氮肥40%基施+60%追施（BU40%B+60%T）比较，平均增产7.3%，玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加8.8%，氮肥表观利用率平均提高6.8个百分点，氮肥农学效率平均提高3.0kg/kg，土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-17.7kg/hm2；75%控释氮肥基施（CRU75%B）与75%速效氮肥基施（BU75%B）比较，平均增产7.5%，玉米地上部氮素吸收总量平均增加6.7%，氮肥表观利用率平均提高7.0个百分点，氮肥农学效率平均提高3.8kg/kg，土壤-作物体系内氮素盈余-14.9kg/ hm2，说明春玉米施用控释氮肥的效果好于普通速效氮肥。综合经济效益与生态效益, 60%控释氮肥与40%速效氮肥混合搭配一次性作基肥施用效果好于其它处理。是东北春玉米氮肥高效利用的有效途径。
英文摘要:
A study of controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer on spring maize yield and the balance of N in soil-crop system was carried out by the method of site-fixing experiment in black soil of Binxian county of Heilongjiang province in 2013-2015. The result showed that the yield of all the treatments with nitrogen fertilizer application was increased by 41.2% than that of CK, on average; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 62.9kg/hm2;N surplus in the system of soil-crop increased 148.4kg/hm2. Compared the treatment of 100% controlled-release urea as basal application(CRU100% B) with 100% bare urea as basal application (CRU100% B) , the maize yield increased by5.1%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 6.6%; the apparent N use efficiency increased by 2.4%,on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 2.0 kg/kg; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 10.2kg/hm2. Compared the treatment of(40%BU+60%CRU)B with BU40%B+60%T，the maize yield increased by7.3%; N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 8.8%, apparent N use efficiency increased 6.8%, on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 3.0 kg/kg, on average; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 17.7kg/hm2..Compared the treatment of CRU75%B with BU75%B, the maize yield increased by7.5%;N uptake by the plants of aboveground was increased 6.7%; apparent N use efficiency increased 7.0%,on average; the agronomy efficiency of N increased 3.8 kg/kg, on average; N surplus in the system of soil-crop was decreased 14.9kg/hm2, on average.. Took economic benefit and ecological benefit into account, the treatment of (40%BU+60%CRU)B could be more reasonable than the others’ treatments, and it was a effective way of getting high efficiency fertilization for the spring maize.
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