通过两年(2015-2016)田间试验,研究了不同施磷(P2O5)水平(0、30、60、90和120kg/hm2)条件下玉米产量、养分吸收利用及转运的变化。结果表明,玉米产量随施磷水平的提高先增后降,以P90处理最高。依据玉米产量(y)和施磷量(x)二次曲线拟合,得出最佳施磷范围为90.1kg/hm2-103.1kg/hm2。施磷可提高玉米主要生育期氮、磷、钾积累量,并能增加玉米抽雄期氮、磷、钾养分向籽粒的转运,且在施磷水平30-90 kg/hm2范围内,抽雄期各养分积累量与转运量呈正比,当施磷水平提高至120kg/hm2,氮、磷、钾养分向籽粒转运量出现负效应。相关分析表明,除苗期外,玉米其他生育期氮、磷、钾的积累间及转运间均存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,并且氮、磷、钾积累、转运与产量间也存在显著或极显著的正向相关性,其中灌浆期氮、磷、钾素积累与产量间的相关系数最大。玉米磷肥生理利用率和农学利用率随施磷水平的提高先增后降,玉米磷素吸收效率、当季回收率和偏生产力随施磷水平的提高而降低。综合考虑不同施磷水平条件下玉米产量、养分吸收、磷肥利用效率等因素及养分吸收、转运与产量关系间的表现,在本试验条件下,适宜磷肥用量应控制在90.1kg/hm2-103.1kg/hm2范围内较为适宜。
英文摘要:
The effect of different phosphorus (P2O5) levels (0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 kg/hm2) on maize yield, absorption, utilization and translocation of nutrient were studied by field experiments from 2015 to 2016. The results showed that maize yield increased at first and decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels, and the highest value was at 90kg/hm2 of phosphorus fertilizer application. The optimum phosphorus fertilizer rates were 90.1kg/hm2-103.1kg/hm2 by simulating between maize yield (y) and phosphorus fertilizer application(x). Phosphorus application could improve the accumulation of N, P and K at the mature period of maize and enhance the translocation of N, P, and K nutrition to grain at the tasseling stage of maize. The amount of nutrient accumulation was proportional to the amount of the translocation at the range of 30-90 kg/hm2 (P2O5) at the tasseling stage of maize. It could cause negative effect for the translocation of N, P, and K nutrition to grain, when phosphorus levels exceeded 120 kg/hm2. The correlation analysis indicated that it was significantly or extremely significantly positive correlations between the accumulations of N, P and K at the other growth stage of maize except at the seedling stage, and between the translocations of N, P and K, and between accumulation, translocation of N, P and K and yield. And the correlation coefficient was the largest between yield and N, P and K accumulations at the filling stage. Phosphorus physiological utilization efficiency and agronomic utilization efficiency increased at first and decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels. And phosphorus absorption efficiency, recovery rate in the quarter and partial productivity decreased later with the increment of phosphorus application levels. Comprehensive the performances such as the factors of maize yield, nutrient absorption and phosphorus utilization efficiency under different phosphorus levels, and the relationships of nutrient absorption, translocation and yield, the optimum phosphorus application rate was at the range of 90.1kg/hm2-103.1kg/hm2 under the conditions of this experiment.
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