宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响
以登海618为试材，以常规等行距种植方式为对照，设置不同种植密度（86 625、101 055、121 260、151 590株?hm-2），宽窄行（70+40 cm）种植，行间错位，比较研究宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式对夏玉米光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明：宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式下夏玉米叶面积指数和群体干物质积累量随着种植密度的增加而增加，而叶片净光合速率逐渐降低；与对照相比，密度为86 625、101 055株?hm-2时叶片后期衰老缓慢，维持较高净光合速率的时间较长，花后群体干物质积累较多，各器官干物质运转率和对籽粒贡献率较高；Richards模型解析表明，宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式下密度为86 625、101 055株?hm-2时达最大灌浆速率的时间较早，起始势和最大灌浆速率较高，但是籽粒灌浆活跃期和灌浆速率最大时的生长量均偏低；密度为86 625、101 055株?hm-2时植株空秆率较低（分别为1.37%、3.10%），分别比对照显著增产5.61%、12.29%；密度为101 055株?hm-2时穗长、穗粗、行粒数、百粒重、穗粒重均比对照偏低，但是较高的有效收获穗数足以弥补它的劣势，使籽粒获得高产。因此，宽行窄幅错位密播种植方式下密度为101 055株?hm-2时能够进一步挖掘群体增产潜力，显著提高群体产量。
英文摘要:
The objective of this experiment is to study the effects of wide-narrow row interlaced thick-planting pattern on photosynthetic characteristic and yield in summer maize. By conventional row spacing planting patterns as control, field experiments involved wide-narrow row spacing (70+40 cm), and interlaced planting between rows under four plant densities(86 625, 101 055, 121 260 and 151 590 plants hm-2), using the ‘Denghai618’ cultivar conducted. The results showed that the leaf area index and dry matter accumulation increased while the net photosynthetic rate decreased gradually with plant densities increasing. Under plant densities 86 625 and 101 055 plants hm-2, compared with the control, in the late stage the time of high net photosynthetic rate lasted longer for the leaf senescence delaying, dry matter after flowering accumulated more, the rate of transfer and contribution to grain for dry matter of each organ was higher. In the meantime, the characters of grain-filling simulated by Richards model cleared that the maximum grain-filling rate reached earlier, the starting potential was higher, but the active grain-filling period and the growth mass achieving the maximal grain-filling rate were lower under plant densities 86 625 and 101 055 plants hm-2 in the new planting pattern. Moreover, empty plant stalk rate was lower (1.37%, 3.10% respectively), and the grain yield was increased by 5.61% and 12.29% respectively. Furthermore, ear length, ear diameter, row grains, hundred-grain weight and grain weight per ear were lower than the control, but higher effective harvest panicles made up its disadvantages enough, conduciving to high yield of grain. Therefore, in the wide-narrow row interlaced thick-planting pattern, it can further explore the potential and significantly improve the yield of summer maize under the plant densities 101 055 plants hm-2.
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