玉米籽粒机械化收获将是未来我国玉米生产发展的趋势,选育出后期脱水快、收获时籽粒含水量低的籽粒机收玉米新品种是当前玉米机收育种的关键。本研究以自选的8个自交系为母本,7个常用骨干自交系为父本,按照NCⅡ设计,组配了56个杂交组合。对杂交组合籽粒含水量性状进行了表型分析和配合力分析。联合方差分析结果表明,不同组合不同时期的含水量间差异均达到了极显著水平；通过不同时期、不同组合籽粒含水量变化趋势分析发现,出苗后95-98天是籽粒脱水速率发生变化的关键时期,95或98天后脱水速率快的组合收获时籽粒含水量低更适合机收。配合力分析结果表明,PH4CV、08LF和ZX7在培育脱水速率快的玉米杂交种方面具有较大的应用潜力。籽粒含水量在出苗后95天受非加性效应影响较大,而在接近收获时,受基因加性效应影响较大。
英文摘要:
Mechanized harvesting of maize kemel will be the future trend of maize production in China, so selecting the new maize varieties with quick dehydration and low moisture content during the late period will be significant in maize mechanized harvesting breeding at present. In this study, the phenotype validation and combining ability of kernels moisture content were analyzed in 56 hybrids, according to the NCⅡdesign with self selected eight inbred lines as the female parent,seven common backbone inbred lines as the male parent. The results of the joint analysis varianceanalysis showed that,the water content of various combinations at different periods reached extremely significant level; By analyzing the trend change of grain moisture content in different periods and combinations, we found that the 95-98th days after germination is the key period for the rate change of kernels dehydration, so the combinations with fast dehydration rate after the 95th or 98th days are more suitable for mechanized harvesting because of the lower grain moisture content.The results of combining ability analysis showed that,PH4CV,08LF and ZX7 have great application potential in cultivating maize hybrids with fast dehydration rate. The moisture content was significantly affected by the non-additive effects at the 95th days after germination, while influenced by gene additive effect at the stage of closely harvesting.
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