为明确去除玉米叶片后植株生长发育及其对籽粒含水率变化的影响,以郑单1002为材料,设置灌浆中后期(灌浆36天)不同穗部及穗下不同数量的去叶处理,研究了去叶后对玉米群体光合性能、冠层结构、产量以及籽粒含水率等方面的影响。结果表明：穗部及以下保留3-4片叶,产量基本不降低,去叶较多情况下表现为减产,不保留穗位叶较对照减产了12.36%,籽粒千粒重下降是导致减产的主要原因；去叶后直接导致玉米群体叶面积指数下降,无截取散射略微增加；保留3-4片叶处理,其余叶片光合性能表现出一定补偿效应,净光合速率高于对照处理,羧化效率略有升高；去叶处理降低了灌浆后期籽粒含水率,不保留穗位叶片处理(0)较对照处理相比,在灌浆44天、52天和60天,籽粒含水率分别下降了8.14、8.75、17.84个百分点。在灌浆60天,叶片数分别保留0、1、2、3片叶处理籽粒含水率均在30%以下,均满足了玉米机收籽粒的指标。保留穗下(包含穗位叶)3-4片叶的处理方式在满足玉米不减产的情况下,降低了籽粒含水率。
英文摘要:
To identify the effects of defoliation on maize growth and influence on grain moisture content, using Zhengdan1002 as the material, set at late grain filling stage (36 days filling panicle and panicle) different under different number of defoliation, on the defoliation of maize canopy photosynthesis, canopy effect the structure, yield and grain moisture content. The results showed that the panicle and reserve 3-4 leaves, yield is not reduced, leaves under the condition of more performance for the production, not to retain the ear leaf than the control reduced by 12.36%, grain weight decline is the main reason leading to cut; defoliation led directly to the leaf area of maize population index decreased, Scattering without interception slightly increased leaf retention; 3-4, the photosynthetic characteristics of leaves showed a certain compensation effect, the net photosynthetic rate is higher than CK, carboxylation efficiency increased slightly; defoliation decreased at late grain filling stage, grain moisture content, not to retain the ear leaf treatment (0) than the control treatment than in 44, 52 and 60 days, 8.14, 8.75 and 17.84 percentage points respectively decreased the grain moisture content. In filling 60 days, number of leaves 0, 1, 2 were retained, 3 leaf grain moisture content is below 30%, satisfies the corn harvesting grain index. The treatment method of 3-4 leaf (including spike leaf) was decreased, and the water content of grain was decreased.
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