东北黑土区秸秆不同还田方式下玉米产量及养分累积特征
通过4年田间定位试验,研究了均匀垄和宽窄行种植模式下秸秆不同还田方式(秸秆不还田CK,秸秆深翻还田MBR,秸秆覆盖还田SCR)对玉米产量、地上部养分累积的影响。结果表明,年份、种植方式和秸秆还田方式均对玉米产量影响显著。宽窄行种植模式下籽粒产量较均匀垄种植模式下高5.4%；秸秆还田方式处理间以秸秆深翻还田处理下产量最高,较秸秆不还田处理和秸秆覆盖还田处理分别增幅5.3%和10.0%。在产量构成中,收获穗数是各处理间产量差异的主要贡献者。进一步分析表明,秸秆深翻还田处理下出苗率和成穗率均最高,且在部分年份处理间差异显著。秸秆深翻还田处理下植株生物量及氮磷累积量分别较秸秆覆盖还田处理增加8.9%、8.3%和19.6%,同时,其籽粒中氮累积量也最高。研究表明,秸秆深翻还田可以显著提高玉米田间保苗率与植株成穗率；显著增加植株对养分的吸收能力以及养分向籽粒中的转运效率,进而促进植株生长与产量形成,实现玉米高产稳产。
英文摘要:
A four years field experiment was conducted to evaluate the grain yield of maize, nutrient accumulation of shoot in different straw return treatments (No straw return, CK; Moldboard return, MBR; Straw cover return, SCR) under conventional row(CR) and wide-narrow row(WNR) modes. The results indicated that there were the significant differences among years, planting patterns, and straw return for grain yield. The grain yield under WNR mode was higher than that of CR with 5.4%. The grain yield was highest in MBR treatment among different straw return modes. It was improved in MBR treatment by 5.3% and 10.0% at average compared with CK and SCR treatments, respectively. The harvest ear numbers mainly contributed the difference of grain yield among treatments. The emergence rate and ear rate both were highest in MBR treatment, and there was the significant difference among treatments in some years. The biomass and N, P uptake of maize were improved in MBR treatment by 8.9%, 8.3%, 19.6%, compared with SCR, respectively. Besides, the nitrogen uptake of grain in MBR treatment was highest among treatments. The research indicated that emergence rate and ear rate of maize were improved significantly in MBR treatment. Furthermore, MBR treatment also significantly increased the nutrient uptake of maize and translocation efficiency of N and P to grain, which was benefit for the growth of plant, and the high stable grain yield will be achieved.
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