通过4年田间定位试验,研究均匀垄与宽窄行种植模式下玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土肥力特征与玉米产量的影响,以期为确定适宜东北地区的秸秆还田措施提供理论依据。结果表明,在均匀垄与宽窄行种植模式下,玉米秸秆深翻还田不仅能明显降低耕层(0~20 cm)的土壤容重、增加相应的土壤含水量、提高该土层土壤有机质与速效氮、钾的含量；其对亚耕层(20~40 cm)土壤的培育作用更为突出,与无秸秆还田处理相比,秸秆深翻还田使亚耕层土壤容重分别下降了6.8%和10.2%,土壤有机质含量分别增加了20.1%和14.2%,速效氮含量分别增加12.2%和12.3%,速效钾含量分别增加20.0%和22.0%。秸秆覆盖还田显著增加了耕层的土壤有机质与速效氮含量,但对亚耕层土壤肥力特征的影响并不明显。在两种植模式下,秸秆不同还田方式2013年至2015年玉米产量平均值的高低均表现为秸秆深翻>无秸秆还田>秸秆覆盖。因此,在东北黑土区,玉米秸秆深翻还田措施能够有效提升土壤肥力、实现玉米的稳产与增产。
英文摘要:
Four years field experiment was conducted to evaluate the fertility of black soil and maize (Zea mays L.) yield as affected by different straw-returning treatments (No straw returning, CK; Straw returning using moldboard plowing, MBR; Straw cover returning, SCR) under two planting patterns, i.e. conventional row and wide-narrow row, which could provide information for establishing technology of returning maize straw to the field. The results indicated that MBR treatment caused decline of soil bulk density, and increase in soil water content, soil organic matter content and available N, K content at the upper soil layer (0-20 cm) under the two planting patterns. Compared with that of CK, soil bulk density at the lower soil layer (20-40 cm) were decreased by 6.8% and 10.2% in MBR treatment under conventional row pattern and wide-narrow row pattern, respectively, moreover, organic matter content, available N content, and available K content at the lower soil layer were increased by 20.1%, 12.2%, and 20.0% in MBR treatment under conventional row pattern, and similarly, were increased by 14.2%, 12.3%, and 22.0% under wide-narrow row pattern. SCR treatment noticeably increased organic matter and available N contents at the upper soil layer, however, no significant change was found in other soil properties. The decrease order of the average yield of maize during 2013 to 2015 in different treatments was MBR > CK > SCR. Therefore, application of maize straw returning with moldboard plowing was an effective measure to improve soil fertility and produce higher yield in Northeast of China.
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