缓释肥减量施用对覆膜栽培玉米生物性状、干物质积累与养分含量分配的影响
本文通过大田试验研究了缓释肥覆膜减量条件下的玉米生物性状、干物质分配比例、养分含量差异及其与产量的相关性分析。结果表明：与T2不覆膜处理相比，覆膜可使玉米的茎粗提高11.05%-19.34%、株高提高2.78%-5.39%、穗位高提高6.20%-10.28%，而覆膜条件下缓释肥减量对玉米生物性状无明显影响；覆膜可以使玉米干物质积累提高25.22%-31.01%，较普通复合肥（T6）相比施用缓释肥更有利于玉米干物质积累，且缓释肥覆膜减量15%（T4）不会影响玉米干物质积累，而减量过度（T5）则会显著降低玉米干物质积累以及籽粒和茎秆的氮含量；相关性结果分析发现，玉米产量与生物性状存在显著或极显著的相关性，逐步回归分方程为Y=－9338.017＋1650.0632X1＋43.2742X2＋8.176X3（X1为茎粗、X2为株高、X3穗位高），而玉米产量与不同部位养分含量也存在显著或极显著相关性，其逐步回归方程为Y=－9651.408＋309.477X1＋702.584X2＋844.261X3（X1为茎秆N含量、X2为叶片K含量、X3为籽粒N含量）。综上所述，覆膜条件下施用缓释肥有利于改善玉米生物性状、提高干物质积累和养分含量，且玉米生物性状（茎粗、株高、穗位高）与养分含量（茎秆N%、叶片K%、籽粒N%）可以作为玉米产量评估的重要指标。
英文摘要:
A field experiment was conducted to study the biological characteristics, distribution ratio of dry matter, nutrient content and its correlation with yield of maize under controlled release fertilizer reduction in plastic mulching. Results: The stem diameter increased by 11.05%-19.34%, plant height by 2.78%-5.39%, ear height by 6.20%-10.28% in plastic mulching compared with T2 treatment. The reduction of slow release fertilizer had no significant effect on the biological characteristics of maize in plastic mulching. Mulching could increase the dry matter accumulation by 25.22%-31.01%, and the application of controlled release fertilizer was more conducive to the
dry matter accumulation. Controlled release fertilizer reduction of 15% (T4) in plastic mulching does not affect the dry matter accumulation, but reduction over (T5) will significantly decrease the dry matter accumulation, grain and stem nitrogen content of maize. The correlation analysis showed that there was significant or very significant correlation between yield and biological characters of maize, the stepwise regression equation is Y=－9338.017＋1650.0632X1＋43.2742X2＋8.176X3 (X1 is stem diameter, X2 is plant height, X3 is ear height). There was also significant or very significant correlation between yield and nutrient content of different parts, the stepwise regression equation is Y=－9651.408＋309.477X1＋702.584X2＋844.261X3 (X1 is N% of stem, X2 is K% of leaf, X3 is N% of grain). In summary, the application of controlled release fertilizer is conducive to improving the biological properties, dry matter accumulation and nutrient content. The biological characteristics (stem diameter, plant height, ear height) and nutrient content (N% of stem, K% of leaf, N% of grain) of maize could be used as an important index for the evaluation of yield.
;
