王加启科研团队在国际上首次构建5个奶畜物种乳清蛋白定量差异

不久前，中国一项新研究揭示出5个物种奶畜的乳蛋白图谱，这项研究是由中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所王加启科研团队完成。这一研究发现提供依据评判奶类营养品质，并且标志着我国科学家在奶类品质研究上取得了重要进展。相关文章发表于近日的《Journal of Proteome》杂志上。


王加启科研团队在国际上首次构建5个奶畜物种乳清蛋白定量差异表达图谱

为了从生物学角度阐明奶牛、牦牛、水牛、山羊和骆驼奶类的蛋白差异，王加启科研团队采用蛋白质组学技术定量了这5个物种的乳清蛋白质组，鉴定了211种乳蛋白，对113个鉴定蛋白的分子功能、细胞组分和生物学过程进行了归类，在国际上首次构建了乳清蛋白定量差异表达谱，揭示了奶牛、牦牛、水牛、山羊和骆驼奶类中存在的特征性蛋白分子。

乳蛋白是决定奶类营养品质的主要指标，也是人类食物中功能成分的重要来源。2011年初，王加启研究员承担了我国奶业领域的首个国家重点基础研究发展规划项目——“牛奶重要营养品质形成与调控机理研究”。项目实施两年多来，他领衔的研究团队开展了多学科综合的前瞻性研究，深入认识了蛋白质形成的理论和科学基础，此次5个物种奶畜乳清蛋白组表达模式是这一项目取得的重要原创性成果之一。

业内人士表示，研究绘制不同物种奶畜的乳蛋白图谱，既是解析乳蛋白生理功能的基础，也是评判奶类营养品质的依据，同时有助于从分子层次辨别不同奶畜乳蛋白的掺假问题。该科研成果的取得，将有力地推动我国奶业实现从数量扩张型到质量效益型的转型升级，对提升奶业的核心竞争力、保障奶业持续健康发展具有重大意义。

原文摘要：

Proteomic Analysis of Cow, Yak, Buffalo, Goat and Camel Milk Whey Proteins: Quantitative Differential Expression Patterns

Yongxin Yang , Dengpan Bu , Xiaowei Zhao ,Peng Sun , Jiaqi Wang and Lingyun Zhou

To aid in unraveling diverse genetic and biological unknowns, a proteomic approach was used to analyze the whey proteome in cow, yak, buffalo, goat, and camel milk based on the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) techniques. This analysis is the first to produce proteomic data for the milk from the above-mentioned animal species: 211 proteins have been identified and 113 proteins have been categorized according to molecular function, cellular components, and biological processes based on gene ontology annotation. The results of principal component analysis showed significant differences in proteomic patterns among goat, camel, cow, buffalo, and yak milk. Furthermore, 177 differentially expressed proteins were submitted to advanced hierarchical clustering. The resulting clustering pattern included three major sample clusters: (1) cow, buffalo, and yak milk; (2) goat, cow, buffalo, and yak milk; and (3) camel milk. Certain proteins were chosen as characterization traits for a given species: whey acidic protein and quinone oxidoreductase for camel milk, biglycan for goat milk, uncharacterized protein (Accession Number: F1MK50) for yak milk, clusterin for buffalo milk, and primary amine oxidase for cow milk. These results help reveal the quantitative milk whey proteome pattern for analyzed species. This provides information for evaluating adulteration of specific specie milk and may provide potential directions for application of specific milk protein production based on physiological differences among animal species.

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